NUMBERS
TO THE READER

EDITION OF THE GREEK TEXT

The New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS) version of Numbers is based on the critical edition prepared by John William Wevers (Septuaginta: Vetus Testamentum Graecum Auctoritate Academiae Scientiarum Gottingensis editum III.1: Numeri [Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1982]). In addition, several of the thirty-five changes to the critical text later proposed by Wevers in his Notes on the Greek Text of Numbers ([SBLSCS 46; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998] 608–609) have been incorporated into NETS Numbers where these alterations affect the English translation. In such cases, differences between the critical edition (We^ed) and the emended text of Wevers’ Notes (We^N) are evident in the footnotes to NETS. For example, in Num 21.11 the translation reads “and camped in ^bAchel Gai^b,” although the edition has “and camped in Achelgai.” The correction of the Notes is cited at the foot of the page as follows: ^bAchelgai = We^ed.

TRANSLATION PROFILE OF THE GREEK

Character of the Translation

LXX Numbers may be described as quite a literal reproduction of the Hebrew that is often wooden. The translator is at times careless or inaccurate, but he can also be skillful in carrying out his task, with successful attempts to achieve consistency and to harmonize passages he is rendering.

In his 1851 analysis of LXX Numbers as a translation,¹ Zacharias Frankel came to the conclusion that it is a chance amalgam without an overall plan or purpose. However, in his Notes on the Greek Text of Numbers, which constitutes the most thorough study of LXX Numbers in modern times, Wevers offers a more balanced assessment.

On the one hand, Wevers considers the Greek translation of Numbers as “without a doubt by far the weakest volume in the Greek Pentateuch” (Notes, p. ix), with numerous examples of incompetence evidenced by gross failures to follow the rules of grammar. On the other, he also views LXX Numbers as the product of “a mind at work, making judgments at times quite astute in its approach to the task of translating holy writ” (Notes, p. xv). Despite his flaws, the translator is actively engaged in the interpretation of Scripture, making strong efforts to clarify obscure passages and sometimes even to correct what he perceives as factual errors or contradictions in the parent text.

Carelessness and Grammatical Inconsistencies

There are many apparent careless renditions and grammatical inconsistencies on the part of the translator.

A striking example of carelessness on the translator’s part is at Num 9.22–23, where he omitted two pieces of the text due to homoioteleuton (i.e., his eye skipping from one Hebrew word to the same word later in the text, resulting in the omission of the words in between). In the MT, 9.22 ends with “[the Israelites] would not set out; but when it [i.e., the cloud] lifted they would set out,” , and v. 23 continues: “At the command of the LORD they would camp, and at the command of the LORD they would set out.” LXX Numbers, however, simply reads “[the sons of Israel] . . . shall certainly not set out . (23) For at the ordinance of the Lord they shall set out” . In these two verses, the translator’s eye most likely skipped from the first “[they] would set out” to the second, resulting in loss of the intervening text (“but when it lifted” in the MT). In similar fashion, his eye seems to have skipped from the first “at the command of the LORD” to the second, resulting in loss of the intervening text (“they would camp” in the MT).

Another example of carelessness is at Num 3.25, where the translator unfortunately uses for both and , which gives rise to confusion, since the Hebrew here uses them coordinately: “And the guard duty of the sons of Gedson in the tent of witness is the tent (i.e., the tabernacle) and the screen.”

Several grammatical inconsistencies are also evident. For example, we find cases where no grammatically fitting antecedent can be found in the context. Thus at 11.10 we read “and before Moyses it was evil,” although there is no neuter singular word nearby. We can only presume that Moyses found it evil to hear the people weeping in their divisions, each one at his door. At 22.5 Balak sent ambassadors to Balaam son of Beor “of Pathoura, which is on the river.” The translator presumably regards Pathoura as the name of a city, which would normally be feminine. However, he then refers to this noun with a relative neuter pronoun (, “which is”).

Formulaic Patterns

A more positive view of the translator arises when other aspects of his technique are taken into account. In Num 1.2–46, for example, he shows his preference for rigidly following formulaic patterns, regardless of changes in the parent text: “according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force.”

On occasion, a mini-pattern emerges when the translator’s work is compared with the Hebrew of the MT. Num 4.41, for example, ends with a phrase: “(whom Moyses and Aaron enrolled by the voice of the Lord) by the hand of Moyses.” Although not found in the MT, “by the hand of Moyses” has apparently been added in conformity to formulas found elsewhere in this chapter (cf. vv. 37, 45, 49).

Consistency and Harmonization

On numerous occasions, the translator’s attempts to achieve consistency are evident. At Num 21.3, for example, he makes the account consistent with v. 2, which read: “And Israel vowed a vow to the Lord and said: ‘If you deliver to me this people as subject, I will anathematize it and its towns.’” In the MT, however, v. 3 reads: “and they utterly destroyed them and their towns.” LXX Numbers makes this verse consistent with the vow in v. 2 by stating: “and he anathematized him and his cities to destruction.” The translator also tries to level the text by the use of harmonizations. In Num 27.18, for example, Moyses is ordered to take Iesous as his successor, “and you shall lay your hands upon him”—the Hebrew here has the singular “your hand” . A few verses later, this command is carried out when Moyses “laid his hands upon him.” In the earlier verse the translator used the plural “your hands” in order to harmonize the readings in vv. 18 and 23. Thus, while attempting to translate the Hebrew parent text faithfully, the Greek translator did not hesitate to change specific details in order to achieve consistency and harmonization.

Standard Equivalents and Calques

As is the case for many other books of the Septuagint, LXX Numbers presents several standard equivalents for Hebrew terms. Some examples evident in LXX Numbers are found elsewhere in the Pentateuch; for example: (“covenant”) for and (“soul/spirit”) for . More specific to Numbers are (“bow down/worship”) for Hithpael; (“illustration”) for (“sons”) for (construct state in chapter 26); (“male goat from the goats”) for ; (“chattel”) for ; and (“army/force”) for .

Another feature of LXX Numbers is the translator’s use of calques, i.e., Greek words with Hebrew meanings, or which at least incorporate meanings from the Hebrew parent text (see “TO THE READER OF NETS”). One prominent example of a calque is (“LORD”) for the Hebrew . Another is (“covenant”) for , which is also classified as a standard equivalent (see above).

Translation of Difficult Terms

In several cases, the translator of LXX Numbers was faced with difficult or baffling Hebrew terms, and he did his best to render them in an intelligible manner. Five examples are presented here.

Even today there is some disagreement among scholars as to the precise meaning of in Num 11.8; our translator simply contextualized by rendering (“cake”).

The puzzling words —possibly meaning “my displeasure”—are found in Num 14.34 (see also Iob 33.10). Here LXX Numbers gives a contextualized translation, (“the wrath of my anger”), which makes good contextual sense.

The Hebrew term (“high places”) was apparently not understood as an idolatrous place of worship at Alexandria when the translator did his work. In Numbers it is rendered by (“steles”) at 21.28; 22.41; 33.52 (thus also Leu 26.20).

In Num 23.14 the Hebrew text tells us that Balak brought Balaam (“to the field of Zophim”). Since literally means “watchers,” the translator rendered the phrase by (“to a look-out [or, watchtower] of a field”).

In Num 32.33 the land of Og is called . The difficulty of providing an accurate translation is evident when the NRSV (“the land and its towns, with the territories of the surrounding towns”) is compared with the more literal Authorized Version (“the land, with the cities thereof in the coasts, even the cities of the country round about”). The Greek translator made reasonable sense of the Hebrew by rendering (“the land and the cities, together with its borders, cities of the land round about”).

Major Differences in Arrangement or Structure

When LXX Numbers is compared with the MT, several variations in arrangement or structure are evident. Besides affecting verse numbering, which complicates a synoptic reading with the MT, such differences affect exegesis of the sections in which they are found, and in some cases they might affect our understanding of the textual development of the book of Numbers.

First, in the pedigree (MT “census”) of Israel found in Numbers 1, vv. 20–37 deal with the descendants of Iacob’s twelve sons in the following order: Rouben, Symeon, Ioudas, Issachar, Zaboulon, Ephraim (Ioseph’s son), Manasse (Ioseph’s son), Beniamin, Gad, Dan, Aser, and Naphtali. In contrast, the MT covers them in the order of: Reuben, Simeon, Gad, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Ephraim (Joseph’s son), Manasseh (Joseph’s son), Benjamin, Dan, Asher, and Naphtali. The effect of the sequence in the LXX is to bring Gad into proximity with Aser (ninth and eleventh, respectively), whereas in the MT they are far apart (third and eleventh). This phenomenon is even more striking in the pedigree detailed in Num 26.5–50, where in the MT Gad is third and Asher seventh. In LXX Numbers, however, Gad is sixth and Aser is seventh. An explanation or motivation for the close proximity of Gad and Aser in the two LXX pedigrees is to be found in the list of Num 1.5–15, where Aser is tenth and Gad is eleventh (in both the MT and LXX).

Second, the arrangement of the Priestly Benediction in Num 6.22–27 differs from that in the MT: (22) And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: (23) Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying: Thus you shall bless the sons of Israel, saying to them—24(27 MT) and they shall put my name on the sons of Israel, and I the Lord will bless them—25(24 MT) May the Lord bless you and keep you; 26(25 MT) may the Lord make his face shine upon you and show mercy to you; 27(26 MT) may the Lord lift up his face upon you and give you peace.

The final passage involves another pedigree (MT “census”), this time of the new generation who will live on to conquer the Promised Land. In the Greek, 26.15–47 mention the following descendants of nine of Iacob’s sons: Ioudas, Issachar, Zaboulon, Gad, Aser, Manasse (Ioseph’s son), Ephraim (Ioseph’s son), Beniamin, and Dan. In the MT, however, the order is somewhat different (equivalent to 26.19–27, 15–18, 44–47, 28–43 in the LXX): Gad, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Manasseh (Joseph’s son), Ephraim (Joseph’s son), Benjamin, Dan, and Asher.

THE NETS TRANSLATION OF NUMBERS

Policy on Gender Language and Translating in a Literal Manner

NETS generally follows the gender language policy adopted by the NRSV with respect to human beings. However, departures from the NRSV in this regard are quite common in NETS Numbers, for two main reasons. First, the translation presented here is quite literal, in an attempt to reflect the Greek relationship to its source. Second, in accordance with its stated goal with respect to gender, the NRSV sometimes avoids terms that are clearly masculine in the Hebrew, substituting instead ones that are more neutral. This course has generally not been followed in the NETS translation.

The challenges presented and decisions made are illustrated in Num 1.2. Here NETS reads: “Take a sum total of the whole congregation of the sons of Israel (NRSV: “of Israelites”), according to their families, according to their paternal houses (NRSV: “by ancestral houses”).” The Greek translator rendered with (“the sons of Israel”) and with (“according the houses of their paternal families”). While the more literal renderings given here do not accord with the NRSV’s policy with respect to gender neutral language, for this verse and many like it the NETS Numbers is based on the overriding principle of translating what the Greek actually says.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

As indicated above, the New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS) version of Numbers is based on John W. Wevers’ critical edition with frequent reference to his Notes on the Greek Text of Numbers. I have also consulted the earlier edition by Alfred Rahlfs (1935). A most helpful research tool has been the Accordance Software for Biblical Studies program (produced by OakTree Software, Inc.). The standard English translation by Brenton has provided many valuable insights. Various scholarly articles in the BIOSCS and some chapters in the Congress volumes of the IOSCS have also provided relevant information and cogent insights.

Personal discussions and interactions with other NETS translators—especially those translating the other four books of the Pentateuch—have been instructive and illuminating.

I especially acknowledge the expert help and input of Albert Pietersma, co-editor (with Benjamin Wright) of the NETS project. By publishing the first translation in the NETS project (The Psalms) as well as the NETS Manual, Professor Pietersma has produced a paradigm and a roadmap for the other translators to follow, each, of course, with his or her own adaptations. Above all, I am most grateful to this leader and mentor in our field for providing detailed communications with me and the other translators as we worked and for helping me avoid several pitfalls by checking this translation with care and in detail.

PETER W. FLINT

1 And the Lord spoke to Moyses in the wilderness of Sina, in the tent of witness, on the first of the second month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying: ²Take a sum total of the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, according to their families, according to their paternal houses, according to number by their names, according to their head—³every male ⁽³⁾from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in Israel’s force. Enroll them with their force; you and Aaron are to enroll them. ⁴And with you shall be each of the rulers, according to the tribe of each. They shall be according to paternal houses. ⁵And these are the names of the men who shall be present with you:

From those of Rouben, Elisour son of Sediour.

⁶ From those of Symeon, Salamiel son of
         Sourisadai.

⁷ From those of Ioudas, Naasson son of
         Aminadab.

⁸ From those of Issachar, Nathanael son of
         Sogar.

⁹ From those of Zaboulon, Eliab son of
         Chailon.

⁽¹⁰⁾ From the sons of Ioseph:

from those of Ephraim, Elisama son of
         Emioud;

¹⁰ from those of Manasse, Gamaliel son of
         Phadasour.

¹¹ From those of Beniamin, Abidan son of
         Gadeoni.

¹² From those of Dan, Achiezer son of Amisadai.

¹³ From those of Aser, Phagaiel son of Echran.

¹⁴ From those of Gad, Elisaph son of Ragouel.

¹⁵ From those of Nephthali, Achire son of
         Ainan.

¹⁶These were the ones designated from the congregation, rulers of the tribes according to their paternal family; they were officers of thousands of Israel.

17 And Moyses and Aaron took these men who had been designated by name, ¹⁸and on the first of the month of the second year they assembled the whole congregation. And they tabulated^a according to their birth, according to their paternal family, according to the number of their names from twenty years and above, every male, according to their head, ¹⁹in the manner the Lord had instructed Moyses. And they were numbered in the wilderness of Sina.

20 And there were the sons of Rouben, Israel’s firstborn, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force; ²¹their numbering from the tribe of Rouben was forty-six thousand and five hundred.

22 For the sons of Symeon, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ²³their enrollment from the tribe of Symeon was fifty-nine thousand and three hundred.

24(26) For the sons of Ioudas, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ²⁵⁽²⁷⁾their enrollment from the tribe of Ioudas was seventy-four thousand and six hundred.

26(28) For the sons of Issachar, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ²⁷⁽²⁹⁾their enrollment from the tribe of Issachar was fifty-four thousand and four hundred.

28(30) For the sons of Zaboulon, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ²⁹⁽³¹⁾their enrollment from the tribe of Zaboulon was fifty-seven thousand and four hundred.

30(32) For the sons of Ioseph: the sons of Ephraim, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ³¹⁽³³⁾their enrollment from the tribe of Ephraim was forty thousand and five hundred; ³²⁽³⁴⁾for the sons of Manasse, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ³³⁽³⁵⁾their enrollment from the tribe of Manasse was thirty-two thousand and two hundred.

34(36) For the sons of Beniamin, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ³⁵⁽³⁷⁾their enrollment from the tribe of Beniamin was thirty-five thousand and four hundred.

36(24) For the sons of Gad, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ³⁷⁽²⁵⁾their enrollment from the tribe of Gad was forty-five thousand and six hundred and fifty.

38 For the sons of Dan, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ³⁹their enrollment from the tribe of Dan was sixty-two thousand and seven hundred.

40 For the sons of Aser, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ⁴¹their enrollment from the tribe of Aser was forty-one thousand and five hundred.

42 For the sons of Nephthali, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, according to the number of their names, according to their head, every male from twenty years and above, everyone who goes out in the force: ⁴³their enrollment from the tribe of Nephthali was fifty-three thousand and four hundred.

44 This is the enrollment which Moyses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel, twelve men, enrolled—one man for one tribe, according to the tribe of their paternal houses. ⁴⁵And the whole enrollment of the sons of Israel with their force from twenty years and above, everyone who would go out to do battle in Israel was ⁴⁶six hundred three thousand and five hundred fifty. ⁴⁷But the Leuites from their paternal tribe were not enrolled among the sons of Israel.

48 And the Lord had spoken to Moyses, saying: ⁴⁹See to it that you do not enroll the tribe of Leui and that you do not take their number amidst the sons of Israel. ⁵⁰And you shall appoint the Leuites over the tent of witness and over all its furnishings and over all the things that are in it; they shall carry the tent and all its furnishings, and they shall minister in it, and they shall encamp around the tent. ⁵¹And when the tent sets out, the Leuites shall take it down, and when the tent encamps, they shall erect it. And let the alien who comes near die. ⁵²And the sons of Israel shall encamp, a man in his own unit and a man according to his own rank, together with their force, ⁵³but let the Leuites encamp opposite, around the tent of witness, and there shall be no offense among the sons of Israel. And the Leuites themselves shall keep guard duty over the tent of witness. ⁵⁴And the sons of Israel did according to all that the Lord commanded Moyses and Aaron; so they did.

2 And the Lord spoke to Moyses and Aaron, saying: ²Let the sons of Israel encamp—^aa person next to him^a, according to unit, according to ensigns, according to their paternal houses—opposite round about the tent of witness let the sons of Israel encamp. ³And those who encamp first towards the east: the unit of the camp of Ioudas with their force. And the ruler of the sons of Ioudas: Naasson son of Aminadab; ⁴his force, those enrolled: seventy-four thousand and six hundred. ⁵And those who encamp next: the tribe of Issachar. And the ruler of the sons of Issachar: Nathanael son of Sogar; ⁶his force, those enrolled: fifty-four thousand and four hundred. ⁷And those who encamp next: the tribe of Zaboulon. And the ruler of the sons of Zaboulon: Eliab son of Chailon; ⁸his force, those enrolled: fifty-seven thousand and four hundred. ⁹All those enrolled from the camp of Ioudas: one hundred eighty-six thousand and four hundred with their force. They shall set out first.

10 The unit of the camp of Rouben towards the southwest with their force. And the ruler of the sons of Rouben: Elisour son of Sediour; ¹¹his force, those enrolled: forty-six thousand and five hundred. ¹²And those who encamp next to him: the tribe of Symeon. And the ruler of the sons of Symeon: Salamiel son of Sourisadai; ¹³his force, those enrolled: fifty-nine thousand and three hundred. ¹⁴And those who encamp next to him: the tribe of Gad. And the ruler of the sons of Gad: Elisaph son of Ragouel; ¹⁵his force, those enrolled: forty-five thousand, six hundred fifty. ¹⁶All those enrolled of the camp of Rouben: one hundred fifty-one thousand, four hundred fifty with their force. They shall set out second.

17 And the tent of witness shall be taken up, and the camp of the Leuites in the center of the camps; even as they encamp, so shall they also set out, each in order, according to unit.

18 The unit of the camp of Ephraim by the sea with their force. And the ruler of the sons of Ephraim: Elisama son of Emioud; ¹⁹his force, those enrolled: forty thousand and five hundred. ²⁰And those who encamp next: the tribe of Manasse. And the ruler of the sons of Manasse: Gamaliel son of Phadasour; ²¹his force, those enrolled: thirty-two thousand and two hundred. ²²And those who encamp next to him: the tribe of Beniamin. And the ruler of the sons of Beniamin: Abidan son of Gadeoni; ²³his force, those enrolled: thirty-five thousand and four hundred. ²⁴All those enrolled of the camp of Ephraim: one hundred and eight thousand and one hundred with their force. They shall set out third.

25 The unit of the camp of Dan towards the north with their force. And the ruler of the sons of Dan: Achiezer son of Amisadai; ²⁶his force, those enrolled: sixty-two thousand and seven hundred. ²⁷And those who encamp next to him: the tribe of Aser. And the ruler of the sons of Aser: Phagaiel son of Echran; ²⁸his force, those enrolled: forty-one thousand and five hundred. ²⁹And those who encamp next to him: the tribe of Nephthali. And the ruler of the sons of Nephthali: Achire son of Ainan; ³⁰his force, those enrolled: fifty-three thousand and four hundred. ³¹All those enrolled of the camp of Dan: one hundred and fifty-seven thousand and six hundred with their force. They shall set out last, according their unit.

32 This was the enrollment of the sons of Israel according to their paternal houses; the total enrollment of the camps with their forces: six hundred and three thousand, five hundred fifty. ³³But the Leuites were not enrolled among them, just as the Lord had commanded Moyses.

34 And the sons of Israel did everything that the Lord had instructed Moyses. So they encamped according to their unit, and so they set out, each in order according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses.

3 And these are the generations of Aaron and Moyses in the day when the Lord spoke to Moyses in Mount Sina. ²And these are the names of the sons of Aaron: the firstborn Nadab and Abioud, Eleazar and Ithamar. ³These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the anointed priests, whose hands they had validated to serve as priests. ⁴And Nadab and Abioud died before the Lord, when they offered strange fire before the Lord in the wilderness of Sina. But they had no children, and Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests with Aaron their father.

5 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ⁶Take the tribe of Leui, and you shall place them before Aaron the priest, and they shall minister to him, ⁷and they shall keep his guard duties and the guard duties of the sons of Israel before the tent of witness to perform the works of the tent. ⁸And they shall keep all the furnishings of the tent of witness, and the guard duties of the sons of Israel according to all the works of the tent. ⁹And you shall give the Leuites to Aaron and to his sons the priests; these have been given as a gift to me from the sons of Israel. ¹⁰And you shall appoint Aaron and his sons over the tent of witness, and they shall keep guard of their priesthood and all the things pertaining to the based-altar and within the veil, but the alien who touches them shall die.

11 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ¹²And, behold, I have taken the Leuites from the midst of the sons of Israel in place of every firstborn that opens the womb among the sons of Israel. They shall be their ransom, and the Leuites shall be mine. ¹³For every firstborn is mine; in the day when I struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, I consecrated to me every firstborn in Israel from human to animal; they shall be mine. I am the Lord.

14 And the Lord spoke to Moyses in the wilderness of Sina, saying: ¹⁵Enroll the sons of Leui according to their paternal houses, according to their divisions, according to their families; every male from a month and above, you shall enroll them. ¹⁶And Moyses and Aaron enrolled them by the voice of the Lord, in which manner the Lord had instructed them. ¹⁷And these were the sons of Leui, by their names: Gedson, Kaath and Merari. ¹⁸And these are the names of the sons of Gedson according to their divisions: Lobeni and Simei. ¹⁹And the sons of Kaath according to their divisions: Amram and Issaar, Chebron and Oziel. ²⁰And the sons of Merari according to their divisions: Mooli and Mousi. These are the divisions of the Leuites according to their paternal houses.

21 For Gedson, the division of Lobeni and the division of Semei; these are the divisions of Gedson. ²²Their enrollment according to the number of every male from a month and above; their enrollment is seven thousand and five hundred. ²³And these sons of Gedson shall encamp behind the tent by the sea. ²⁴And the ruler of the paternal house of the division of Gedson is Elisaph son of Lael. ²⁵And the guard duty of the sons of Gedson in the tent of witness is the tent and the screen and the covering of the door of the tent of witness ²⁶and the curtains of the court and the veil for the gate of the court, which is by the tent, and the rest of all its tasks.

27 For Kaath, the Amramis division and the Isaaris division and the Chebronis division and the Ozielis division; these were the divisions of Kaath. ²⁸According to number, every male from a month and above were eight thousand and six hundred, keeping guard duty over the holy things. ²⁹The divisions of the sons of Kaath shall encamp to the side of the tent towards the southwest. ³⁰And the ruler of the paternal house of the divisions of Kaath is Elisaphan son of Oziel. ³¹And their guard duty is the ark and the table and the lampstand and the altars and the furnishings of the holy place with which they shall minister and the covering and all their tasks. ³²And the ruler over the rulers of the Leuites is Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, having been appointed to keep guard duties over the holy things.

33 For Merari, the Mooli division and the Mousi division; these are the divisions of Merari. ³⁴Their enrollment according to number, every male from a month old and above, is six thousand and fifty. ³⁵And the ruler of the paternal house of the division of Merari is Zouriel son of Abichail; they shall encamp to the side of the tent towards the north. ³⁶The oversight, the guard duty of the sons of Merari, is the capitals of the tent and its bars and its pillars and its bases and all their furniture and their works ³⁷and the pillars of the court all around and their bases and their pegs and their cords.

38 And those encamping before the tent of witness on the east are Moyses and Aaron and his sons, keeping guard duty over the holy place, for the guard duties of the sons of Israel, but the alien who touches it shall die. ³⁹The total enrollment of the Leuites, whom Moyses and Aaron enrolled by the voice of the Lord according to their divisions, every male from a month old and above, is twenty-two thousand.

40 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: Enroll every firstborn male of the sons of Israel from a month old and above, and take their number by name. ⁴¹But you shall take the Leuites for me—I am the Lord—in place of all the firstborn of the sons of Israel, and the flocks of the Leuites in place of all the firstborn in the flocks of the sons of Israel. ⁴²And Moyses enrolled, in which manner the Lord had commanded, every firstborn among the sons of Israel. ⁴³And all the firstborn males from a month and above, according to number by name, from a month old and above, are by their enrollment twenty-two thousand, two hundred seventy-three.

44 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ⁴⁵Take the Leuites in place of all the firstborn of the sons of Israel, and the flocks of the Leuites in place of their flocks, and the Leuites shall be mine. I am the Lord. ⁴⁶And as the ransom of the two hundred seventy-three from the firstborn of the sons of Israel, who exceed the Leuites in number, ⁴⁷you shall also take five shekels per head. You shall take according to the holy didrachma, twenty obols to the shekel. ⁴⁸And you shall give the money to Aaron and his sons—ransom of those who exceed in number among them. ⁴⁹And Moyses took the money, the ransom of those who exceeded in number, for the redemption of the Leuites; ⁵⁰from the firstborn of the sons of Israel, he took the money, one thousand three hundred sixty-five shekels, according to the holy shekel. ⁵¹And Moyses gave the ransom of those who exceeded Aaron and his sons in number, by the voice of the Lord, in which manner the Lord had instructed Moyses.

4 And the Lord spoke to Moyses and Aaron, saying: ²Take the sum total of the sons of Kaath from amidst the sons of Leui, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, ³from twenty-five years and above until fifty years, everyone who enters in to minister, to perform all the tasks in the tent of witness. ⁴And these are the tasks of the sons of Kaath in the tent of witness, the holy of holies.

5 And Aaron and his sons shall go in, whenever the camp sets out, and shall take down the shadowing veil and cover with it the ark of witness, ⁶and they shall put on it^a a covering of blue leather and throw on it^b a wholly blue cloth above and insert the carrying-poles. ⁷And over the presentation table they shall throw over it a wholly purple cloth, and the bowls and the censers and the ladles and the libation cups, with which he^c libates, and the perpetual loaves shall be on it. ⁸And they shall put over it a scarlet cloth and cover it with a covering of blue leather and insert the carrying-poles through it. ⁹And they shall take a blue cloth and cover the lampstand, which gives light, and its lamps and its snuffers and its pouring vessels and all the vessels of oil with which they minister, ¹⁰and they shall put it and all of its implements into a covering of blue leather and place it upon carrying-poles. ¹¹And over the golden altar they shall cover a blue cloth and cover it with a covering of blue leather and insert its carrying-poles. ¹²And they shall take all the ministry implements with which they minister in the sanctuary^d and put them into a blue cloth and cover them with a covering of blue leather and put them on carrying-poles, ¹³and he^c shall put the cover upon the altar, and they shall cover it with a wholly purple cloth. ¹⁴And they shall put on it all the implements, with as many as they minister with them, and the fire-pans and the meat hooks and the saucers and the cover and all the implements of the altar, and they shall put on it a cover of blue leather and insert its carrying-poles. And they shall take purple cloth and cover up the washbasin and its base, and they shall put them into a covering of blue leather and place them on poles. ¹⁵And Aaron and his sons shall finish covering the sanctuary^d and all the holy implements, when the camp sets out, and after this the sons of Kaath shall enter to carry them, but they shall not touch the holy things, lest they die. These things in the tent of witness the sons of Kaath shall carry.

16 The overseer is Eleazar son of Aaron the priest—the oil of the light and the incense of the mixture and the daily sacrifice and the anointing oil—the oversight of the entire tent and as many things that are in it in the holy place, in all the works.

17 And the Lord spoke to Moyses and Aaron, saying: ¹⁸You shall not destroy from the tribe the division of Kaath from the midst of the Leuites. ¹⁹You shall do this for them, and they will live and surely not die, when they approach the holy of holies: let Aaron and his sons come forward, and they shall appoint them, each according to his office of bearing—²⁰and they shall by no means enter in suddenly to see the holy things and die.

21 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²²Take the sum total of the sons of Gedson and those according to their paternal houses, according to their divisions; ²³from twenty-five years and above to fifty years enroll them, everyone who goes out to minister and perform his tasks in the tent of witness. ²⁴This is the ministry of the division of Gedson, to minister and to carry, ²⁵and it^a shall carry the skins of the tent, both the tent of witness and its veil and the blue veil which is upon it above and the veil of the door of the tent of witness ²⁶and the curtains of the court, as many as were upon the tent of witness, and the remaining items and all the ministry implements, and they shall handle as many as those with which they minister. ²⁷According to the mouth of Aaron and his sons shall be the ministry of the sons of Gedson, in all their services and in all the things borne through them, and you shall enroll them by name with respect to all the things borne by them. ²⁸This is the ministry of the sons of Gedson in the tent of witness, and their guard duty shall be in the hand of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest.

29 As for the sons of Merari, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, enroll them; ³⁰from twenty-five years and above to fifty years, enroll them—everyone going in to minister in the tasks of the tent of witness. ³¹And these are the requirements of the things borne by them according to all their tasks in the tent of witness: the capitals of the tent and its bars and its pillars and its bases ³²and the pillars of the court all around and their bases and the pillars of the veil for the gate of the court and their bases and their pegs and their cords and all their implements and all their objects used in worship—enroll them by name, and all the implements of the guard duty of the things borne by them. ³³This is the ministry of the division of Merari’s sons in all their tasks in the tent of witness, by the hand of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest.

34 And Moyses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel enrolled the sons of Kaath according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, ³⁵from twenty-five years and above to fifty years—everyone going in to minister and to perform tasks in the tent of witness, ³⁶and their enrollment, according to their divisions, was two thousand seven hundred fifty. ³⁷This was the enrollment of the division of Kaath, everyone who was ministering in the tent of witness, just as Moyses and Aaron enrolled by the voice of the Lord by the hand of Moyses.

38 And the sons of Gedson were enrolled according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, ³⁹from twenty-five years and above to fifty years, everyone going in to minister and perform the tasks in the tent of witness. ⁴⁰And their enrollment, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, was two thousand six hundred thirty. ⁴¹This was the enrollment of the division of the sons of Gedson, everyone who was ministering in the tent of witness, whom Moyses and Aaron enrolled by the voice of the Lord by the hand of Moyses.

42 And there were enrolled also the division of the sons of Merari according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, ⁴³from twenty-five years and above to fifty years, everyone going in to minister, for the tasks of the tent of witness. ⁴⁴And their enrollment, according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, was three thousand and two hundred. ⁴⁵This was the enrollment of the division of Merari’s sons, whom Moyses and Aaron enrolled by the voice of the Lord by the hand of Moyses.

46 All those who were enrolled, whom Moyses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel enrolled—the Leuites according to their divisions, according to their paternal houses, ⁴⁷from twenty-five years and above to fifty years—everyone who was going in for the task of the works and for the tasks that were borne in the tent of witness, ⁴⁸and those enrolled were eight thousand five hundred eighty. ⁴⁹He enrolled them by the voice of the Lord by the hand of Moyses, man by man with regard to their tasks and with regard to the things they were bearing. And they were enrolled, in which manner the Lord had instructed Moyses.

5 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²Order the sons of Israel, and let them send away from the camp everyone who is leprous and everyone who has a discharge and everyone who is an unclean person regarding a soul^b. ³From male to female you shall send away outside the camp, and they shall not defile their camps in which I dwell among them. ⁴And the sons of Israel did so and sent them away outside the camp; just as the Lord spoke to Moyses, so the sons of Israel did.

5 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ⁶Speak to the sons of Israel, saying: Man or woman, if anyone commits one of the human sins and in disregarding disregards and that individual commits an offense, ⁷he shall confess the sin which he has committed, and he shall pay back the full sum for the error, and a fifth part of it shall he add to it, and he shall pay the one whom he wronged. ⁸But if the person has no near relative to compensate him for the error to him, the error compensated to the Lord shall be for the priest, except for the ram of atonement through which he shall make atonement by it for him. ⁹And every first fruit with respect to all the sanctified things among the sons of Israel, whatever they offer to the Lord for the priest shall be his. ¹⁰And the sanctified things of each shall be his, and if a man gives to the priest, it shall belong to him.

11 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ¹²Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: ^aMan by man^a—if his wife goes astray and disregards him, despising him, ¹³and if anyone ^bsleeps with her in a union of seed^b and escapes the notice of her husband’s eyes and she conceals it—although she is defiled—and there is no witness with her and she has not been caught ¹⁴and if a spirit of jealousy comes upon him, and he becomes jealous of his wife but she has defiled herself or if a spirit of jealousy comes upon him and he becomes jealous of his wife but she is not defiled, ¹⁵then the man shall bring his wife to the priest, and he shall offer the gift concerning her: one-tenth of an oiphi^c of barley flour. He shall pour no oil upon it, nor shall he put frankincense upon it, for it is a sacrifice of jealousy, a sacrifice of remembrance, recalling an offense.

16 And the priest shall bring her forward and place her before the Lord. ¹⁷And the priest shall take pure, living water in an earthen vessel and some of the dust that is on the floor of the tent of witness, and after taking it, the priest shall cast it into the water. ¹⁸And the priest shall set the woman before the Lord and uncover the woman’s head and place upon her hands the sacrifice of remembrance, the sacrifice of jealousy—but in the priest’s hand shall be the water of this reproof that brings the curse. ¹⁹And the priest shall make her take an oath and say to the woman, “If no one has slept with you, if you have not gone astray to become defiled while under your own husband, be innocent from the water of this reproof that brings the curse. ²⁰But if you have gone astray being under your husband or if you have defiled yourself and someone besides your husband has ^dmade his bed^d with you,” ²¹then the priest shall make the woman take an oath by the oaths of this curse, and the priest shall say to the woman, “May the Lord make you as a curse and bound by oath in the midst of your people, when the Lord makes your thigh fall to pieces and your womb swell, ²²and this water that brings the curse shall enter your belly, to swell the belly and make your thigh fall to pieces.” And the woman shall say, “May it be; may it be!”

23 And the priest shall write these curses on a scroll and shall wipe them out into the water of reproof that brings the curse. ²⁴And he shall have the woman drink the water of reproof that brings the curse, and the curse-bringing water of reproof shall enter her. ²⁵And the priest shall take from the woman’s hand the sacrifice of jealousy, and he shall place the sacrifice before the Lord and bring it to the altar. ²⁶And from the sacrifice the priest shall take a handful as its memorial and offer it upon the altar, and afterwards he shall have the woman drink the water. ²⁷And it shall be, if she is defiled and has escaped her husband’s notice by stealth, then the water of reproof that brings the curse shall enter her, and she shall be swelled up in her belly, and her thigh shall fall to pieces, and the woman shall become a curse among her people. ²⁸But if the woman was not defiled and is pure, then she shall be innocent and shall ^eseed seed^e.

29 This is the law of jealousy, in case a woman who is under her husband goes astray and is defiled ³⁰or in case a man on whom a spirit of jealousy comes and he becomes jealous of his wife. And he shall place his wife before the Lord, and the priest shall apply this entire law to her. ³¹And the man shall be innocent of sin, but that woman shall bear her sin.

6 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: Man or woman, whoever especially vows a pure vow to the Lord to purify himself ³from wine and sikera^f, he shall be purified from wine, and vinegar from wine and vinegar from sikera^f he shall not drink. And whatever is prepared from the grape he shall not drink, and he shall not eat fresh grapes and raisins. ⁴All the days of his vow, of all the things that come from the vine, wine from pressed grapes to grape-stone seed he shall not consume.

5 All the days of his vow of purification a razor shall not come upon his head until the days be fulfilled, as many as he vowed to the Lord; he shall be holy, letting the hair of his head grow into a mane.

6 All the days of the vow to the Lord, he shall not enter for any dead soul^g, ⁷for father and for mother and for brother and for sister; he shall not be defiled for them when they have died, because a vow of his god is upon him, upon his head. ⁸For all the days of his vow, he shall be holy to the Lord.

9 Now if someone dies suddenly nearby him, at once the head of his vow shall be defiled, and he shall shave his head on whatever day he be cleansed; on the seventh day he shall be shaved. ¹⁰And on the eighth day he shall bring two turtle-doves or two young doves to the priest at the entrance of the tent of witness. ¹¹And the priest shall offer one for sin and one for a whole burnt offering and the priest shall make atonement on his behalf for the things in which he sinned concerning the soul^g, and he shall sanctify his head on that day ¹²on which he was consecrated to the Lord for the days of the vow, and he shall bring a year-old male lamb for error, and the previous days shall not be reckoned, because the head of his vow was defiled.

13 And this is the rule for the one who has taken a vow. On whatever day he fulfills the days of his vow, he shall personally bring an offering to the entrance of the tent of witness, ¹⁴and he shall bring his gift to the Lord: one year-old male lamb without blemish for a whole burnt offering and one year-old ewe lamb without blemish for sin and one ram without blemish for deliverance ¹⁵and a basket of unleavened bread of fine flour, loaves mixed with oil and unleavened cakes anointed with oil and their sacrifice and their libation. ¹⁶And the priest shall bring an offering before the Lord, and he shall do his victim for sin and his whole burnt offering. ¹⁷And he shall make the ram an offering for deliverance to the Lord, along with the basket of unleavened bread, and the priest shall do his sacrifice and his libation. ¹⁸And the one who made a vow shall shave the head of his vow at the entrance of the tent of witness, and he shall place the hair upon the fire, which is under the sacrifice of deliverance. ¹⁹And the priest shall take the boiled shoulder from the ram and one unleavened loaf from the basket and one unleavened cake, and he shall place them upon the hands of the one who had made a vow, after he has his vow shaved. ²⁰And the priest shall offer them as an addition before the Lord; it shall be holy for the priest beside the breast of the addition and beside the shoulder of the advance deduction; after this, the one who has made a vow shall drink wine.

21 This is the rule for the one who makes a vow, whoever vows his gift to the Lord, concerning his vow, apart from what his hand might find, according to the strength of his vow, which he vows according to the law of purity.

22 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²³Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying: Thus you shall bless the sons of Israel, saying to them—²⁴⁽²⁷⁾and they shall put my name on the sons of Israel, and I the Lord will bless them—

²⁵⁽²⁴⁾May the Lord bless you and keep you;

²⁶⁽²⁵⁾may the Lord make his face shine upon you
         and show mercy to you;

²⁷⁽²⁶⁾may the Lord lift up his face upon you and
         give you peace.

7And it came to pass on the day in which Moyses finished so as to set up the tent, and he anointed it and consecrated it and all its furnishings and the altar and all its utensils, and he anointed them and consecrated them. ²And the rulers of Israel, twelve rulers of their paternal houses, offered. These were rulers of the tribes; these were the ones who presided over the overseeing. ³And they brought their gift before the Lord: six covered wagons and twelve cattle, a wagon from two rulers and a calf from each, and they advanced before the tent. ⁴And the Lord said to Moyses, saying: ⁵Take from them, and they shall be for the ministry tasks of the tent of witness, and you shall give them to the Leuites, to each one according to his service. ⁶And Moyses took the wagons and the cattle and gave them to the Leuites. ⁷Two wagons and four cattle he gave to the sons of Gedson according to their ministries, ⁸and four wagons and eight cattle he gave to the sons of Merari according to their ministries, through Ithamar son of Aaron the priest. ⁹And to the sons of Kaath he did not give, because they have the objects used in worship of the holy place; they shall carry them upon their shoulders.

10 And the rulers offered for the dedication of the altar in the day on which he anointed it, and the rulers offered their gift before the altar. ¹¹And the Lord said to Moyses: One ruler each day, a ruler each day, they shall offer their gift for the dedication of the altar.

12 And the one offering his gift on the first day was Naasson son of Aminadab, ruler of the tribe of Ioudas. ¹³And he offered his gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ¹⁴one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ¹⁵one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ¹⁶and one male goat from the goats for sin, ¹⁷and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Naasson son of Aminadab.

18 On the second day Nathanael son of Sogar, ruler of the tribe of Issachar, offered. ¹⁹And he offered his gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ²⁰one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ²¹one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ²²and one male goat from the goats for sin, ²³and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Nathanael son of Sogar.

24 On the third day, as ruler of the sons of Zaboulon, Eliab son of Chailon. ²⁵His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver pan, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ²⁶one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ²⁷one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ²⁸and one male goat from the goats for sin, ²⁹and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Eliab son of Chailon.

30 On the fourth day, as ruler of the sons of Rouben, Elisour son of Sediour. ³¹His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ³²one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ³³one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ³⁴and one male goat from the goats for sin, ³⁵and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Elisour son of Sediour.

36 On the fifth day, as ruler of the sons of Symeon, Salamiel son of Sourisadai. ³⁷His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver pan, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ³⁸one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ³⁹one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ⁴⁰and one male goat from the goats for sin, ⁴¹and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Salamiel son of Sourisadai.

42 On the sixth day, as ruler of the sons of Gad, Elisaph son of Ragouel. ⁴³His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ⁴⁴one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ⁴⁵one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ⁴⁶and one male goat from the goats for sin, ⁴⁷and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Elisaph son of Ragouel.

48 On the seventh day, as ruler of the sons of Ephraim, Elisama son of Emioud. ⁴⁹His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ⁵⁰one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ⁵¹one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ⁵²and one male goat from the goats for sin, ⁵³and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Elisama son of Emioud.

54 On the eighth day, as ruler of the sons of Manasse, Gamaliel son of Phadasour. ⁵⁵His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ⁵⁶one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ⁵⁷one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ⁵⁸and one male goat from the goats for sin, ⁵⁹and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Gamaliel son of Phadasour.

60 On the ninth day, as ruler of the sons of Beniamin, Abidan son of Gadeoni. ⁶¹His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ⁶²one censer of ten golden (shekels), full of incense, ⁶³one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ⁶⁴and one male goat from the goats for sin, ⁶⁵and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Abidan son of Gadeoni.

66 On the tenth day, as ruler of the sons of Dan, Achiezer son of Amisadai. ⁶⁷His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ⁶⁸one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ⁶⁹one bull calf from the cows, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ⁷⁰and one male goat from the goats for sin, ⁷¹and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Achiezer son of Amisadai.

72 On the eleventh day, as ruler of the sons of Aser, Phagaiel son of Echran. ⁷³His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ⁷⁴one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ⁷⁵one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ⁷⁶and one male goat from the goats for sin, ⁷⁷and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Phagaiel son of Echran.

78 On the twelfth day, as ruler of the sons of Nephthali, Achire son of Ainan. ⁷⁹His gift: one silver bowl, its weight one hundred and thirty, one silver saucer, seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both full of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice, ⁸⁰one censer of ten gold pieces, full of incense, ⁸¹one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, one year-old male lamb for a whole burnt offering ⁸²and one male goat from the goats for sin, ⁸³and for an offering of deliverance two heifers, five rams, five male goats, five year-old ewe lambs. This was the gift of Achire son of Ainan.

84 This was the dedication of the altar, on the day on which he anointed it, from the rulers of the sons of Israel: twelve silver bowls, twelve silver saucers, twelve golden censers, ⁸⁵each bowl a hundred thirty shekels and each saucer seventy shekels—all the silver of the vessels two thousand and four hundred shekels by the shekel of the holy things, ⁸⁶twelve golden censers full of incense—all the gold of the censers, a hundred twenty gold pieces, ⁸⁷all the cattle for a whole burnt offering, twelve calves, twelve rams, twelve year-old male lambs, their sacrifices and their libations and twelve male goats from the goats for sin, ⁸⁸all the cattle for the offering of deliverance, heifers twenty-four, rams sixty, male goats sixty, year-old ewe lambs without blemish sixty. This was the dedication of the altar, after he^a filled his^b hands and after he anointed him.

89 When Moyses went into the tent of witness to speak with him^c, then he heard the voice of the Lord speaking to him from above the propitiatory, which is upon the ark of witness, between the two cheroubim, and he was speaking to him.

8 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²Speak to Aaron, and you shall say to him: When you set up the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light from the side in front of the lampstand.

³And Aaron did so; from the one side facing the lampstand he lit its lamps, just as the Lord instructed Moyses. ⁴And this is the construction of the lampstand: solid golden, its stem and its lilies, totally solid; according to the pattern that the Lord showed Moyses, so he made the lampstand.

5 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ⁶Take the Leuites from amidst the sons of Israel, and you shall purify them. ⁷And thus you shall carry out for them their purification; you shall sprinkle them with water of purification, and a razor shall come upon all of their body, and they shall wash their clothes, and they shall be clean. ⁸And they shall take one calf from the cattle and its sacrifice of fine flour mixed with oil, and you shall take a year-old bull calf from the cattle for sin. ⁹And you shall bring the Leuites before the tent of witness, and you shall gather all the congregation of Israel’s sons, ¹⁰and you shall bring the Leuites before the Lord, and the sons of Israel shall place their hands on the Leuites. ¹¹And Aaron shall set apart the Leuites as a restitution before the Lord from the sons of Israel, and they shall be so as to perform the works of the Lord. ¹²Now the Leuites shall lay their hands on the heads of the calves, and he shall do the one for sin and the one^a as a whole burnt offering to the Lord in order to make atonement for them. ¹³And you shall stand the Leuites before the Lord and before Aaron and before his sons, and you shall give them back as a restitution before the Lord.

14 And you shall separate the Leuites from amidst the sons of Israel, and they shall be mine. ¹⁵And afterwards the Leuites shall enter to perform the tasks of the tent of witness, and you shall cleanse them and give them back before the Lord, ¹⁶for these have been given back to me as a restitution from amidst Israel’s sons. In place of all the firstborn of the sons of Israel that open every womb, I have taken them for myself. ¹⁷For every firstborn among Israel’s sons is mine, from human to animal; on the day when I struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, I consecrated them to me, ¹⁸and I took the Leuites in place of every firstborn among Israel’s sons. ¹⁹And I gave back the Leuites as a restitution, given to Aaron and to his sons from amidst Israel’s sons, to perform the tasks of the sons of Israel in the tent of witness and to make atonement for the sons of Israel, and there shall be none among the sons of Israel who draws near to the holy things.

20 And Moyses and Aaron and all the congregation of Israel’s sons did to the Leuites just as the Lord commanded Moyses concerning the Leuites; thus the sons of Israel did to them. ²¹And the Leuites purified themselves and washed their clothes, and Aaron delivered them up as a restitution before the Lord, and Aaron made atonement for them to purify them. ²²And afterwards the Leuites entered to minister in their ministry in the tent of witness before Aaron and before his sons; just as the Lord instructed ⁽²²⁾Moyses concerning the Leuites, so they did to them.

23 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²⁴This is what concerns the Leuites: from twenty-five years and above, they shall enter to minister in the ministry in the tent of witness. ²⁵And from fifty years old, he^b shall depart from the ministry, and he shall not perform any longer. ²⁶And his brother shall minister in the tent of witness to keep guard duties, but he shall not perform tasks. Thus you shall do to the Leuites in their guard duties.

9 And the Lord spoke to Moyses in the wilderness of Sina, in the second year after they went out of the land of Egypt, in the first month, saying: ²Speak, and let the sons of Israel keep the pascha according to its season. ³On the fourteenth day of the first month towards evening, you shall keep it according to appointed times; according to its law and according to its interpretation you shall keep it. ⁴And Moyses told the sons of Israel to keep the pascha. ⁵When the month began, on the fourteenth day, in the wilderness of Sina, just as the Lord instructed Moyses, so the sons of Israel did. ⁶And the men came near, who were unclean regarding a human soul^c, and they were not able to keep the pascha in that day, and they came before Moyses and Aaron in that day. ⁷And those men said to him, “We are unclean regarding a human soul^c. Surely, then, we are not to fail to offer the gift to the Lord according to its appointed time in the midst of Israel’s sons?” ⁸And Moyses spoke to them, “Stand here, and I shall hear what the Lord shall command concerning you.”

9 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ¹⁰Speak to the sons of Israel, saying: ^dPerson by person^d—whoever is unclean regarding a human soul^c or is on a journey far off to you or among your families shall also keep the pascha to the Lord. ¹¹In the second month, on the fourteenth day, towards evening they shall keep it; with unleavened bread and bitter herbs they shall eat it. ¹²They shall leave none of it until morning, and they shall not break a bone from it; according to the law of the pascha they shall keep it. ¹³And a person who is pure and is not on a journey far off and fails to keep the pascha, that soul shall be totally destroyed from his people; because he did not offer his gift to the Lord according to its appointed time, that person shall receive his sin. ¹⁴Now if a guest comes to you in your land, he also shall keep the pascha to the Lord; according to the law of the pascha and according to its organization, so shall he keep it; there shall be one law for you and for the guest and for the native of the land.

15 And on the day on which the tent was set up, the cloud covered the tent, the house of witness, and in the evening upon the tent it was like the appearance of fire until morning. ¹⁶So it was all the time; the cloud covered it by day, and the appearance of fire during the night. ¹⁷And when the cloud rose up from the tent, after that also the sons of Israel departed, and in the place where the cloud stood, there the sons of Israel encamped. ¹⁸At the ordinance of the Lord the sons of Israel shall encamp, and at the ordinance of the Lord they shall set out; all the days in which the cloud casts a shadow over the tent, the sons of Israel shall encamp. ¹⁹And when the cloud is drawn over the tent for rather many days, also the sons of Israel shall keep the guard duty of God, and they shall certainly not set out. ²⁰And it shall be, when the cloud casts a shadow over the tent for days in number, at the voice of the Lord they shall encamp, and at the ordinance of the Lord they shall set out. ²¹And it shall be, when the cloud occurs from evening until morning and the cloud rises up in the morning, then they shall set out by day or by night, and when the cloud rises up, they shall set out. ²²In a day or a month—as a day prolongs while the cloud keeps casting a shadow over it^a, the sons of Israel shall encamp and shall certainly not set out. ²³For at the ordinance of the Lord they shall set out. They kept the guard duty of the Lord at the ordinance of the Lord by the hand of Moyses.

10 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²Make for yourself two silver trumpets; you shall make them beaten, and they shall be for you to summon the congregation and to remove the camps. ³And you shall trumpet with them^b, and all the congregation shall be gathered together at the door of the tent of witness. ⁴But if they trumpet with one, all the rulers shall come to you, chiefs of Israel. ⁵And you shall trumpet a signal, and the camps encamping on the east shall set out. ⁶And you shall trumpet a second signal, and the camps encamping on the southwest shall set out. And you shall trumpet a third signal, and the camps encamping along the sea shall set out. And you shall trumpet a fourth signal, and the camps encamping towards the north shall set out. They shall trumpet with a signal at their departure. ⁷And whenever you gather the congregation, you shall trumpet, but not with a signal. ⁸And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall trumpet with the trumpets, and it shall be to you a perpetual precept for your generations. ⁹And if you go out to war in your land against the adversaries who oppose you, you shall also give a signal with the trumpets, and you shall be remembered before the Lord, and you shall escape to safety from your enemies. ¹⁰And in the days of your gladness and at your feasts and at your new moons, you shall trumpet with the trumpets over the whole burnt offerings and over your sacrifices of deliverance, and it shall be for you a reminder before your God. I am the Lord your God.

11 And it happened in the second year, in the second month, on the twentieth of the month, the cloud rose up from the tent of witness. ¹²And the sons of Israel set out with their equipment in the wilderness of Sina, and the cloud stood in the wilderness of Pharan. ¹³And the first ones set out by the voice of the Lord, by the hand of Moyses. ¹⁴And a camp unit of Ioudas’ sons were the first to set out together with their force, and over their force was Naasson son of Aminadab, ¹⁵and over the force of the tribe of Issachar’s sons was Nathanael son of Sogar, ¹⁶and over the force of the tribe of Zaboulon’s sons was Eliab son of Chailon.

17 And they shall take down the tent, and the sons of Gedson and the sons of Merari shall set out, carrying the tent. ¹⁸And a camp unit of Rouben set out together with their force, and over their force was Elisour son of Sediour, ¹⁹and over the force of the tribe of Symeon’s sons was Salamiel son of Sourisadai, ²⁰and over the force of the tribe of Gad’s sons was Elisaph the son of Ragouel.

21 And the sons of Kaath shall set out, carrying the holy things, and they shall set up the tent before they arrive. ²²And a camp unit of Ephraim shall set out together with their force and over their force, Elisama son of Emioud, ²³and over the force of the tribe of the sons of Manasse, Gamaliel the son of Phadassour, ²⁴and over the force of the tribe of Beniamin’s sons, Abidan the son of Gadeoni.

25 And a camp unit of Dan’s sons shall set out, last of all the camps, together with their force, and over their force, Achiezer the son of Amisadai, ²⁶and over the force of the tribe of Aser’s sons, Phagaiel son of Echran, ²⁷and over the force of the tribe of Nephtali’s sons, Achire son of Ainan. ²⁸These are the armies of the sons of Israel, and they set out together with their force.

29 And Moyses said to Hobab son of Ragouel the Madianite, Moyses’ brother-in-law^c, “We are setting out for the place of which the Lord said, ‘This I will give to you.’ Come with us, and we will treat you well, for the Lord has spoken fine things concerning Israel.” ³⁰But he said to him, “I will not go; rather, I will go to my land and to my kindred.” ³¹And he said, “Do not leave us, on account of the fact that you were with us in the wilderness, and you will be an elder among us. ³²And it shall be, if you go with us and those good things shall occur with which the Lord benefits us, we will also treat you well.”

33 And they set out from the mountain of the Lord on a journey of three days, and the ark of the covenant of the Lord went ahead before them on a three days’ journey, to seek out for them rest.

34(35) And it happened when the ark set out, then Moyses said,

“Be aroused, O Lord, let your enemies be
         scattered;
let all those who hate you flee!”

³⁵⁽³⁶⁾ And when it came to rest he said,

“Turn, O Lord, the thousands, the myriads
         in Israel.”

36(34) And the cloud came, overshadowing them by day, when they set out from the camp.

11 And the people were muttering wicked things before the Lord, and the Lord heard and was angered with wrath. And fire was kindled among them from the Lord, and it devoured a certain part of the camp. ²And the people cried out to Moyses, and Moyses prayed to the Lord, and the fire abated. ³And the name of that place was called Burning, because fire was kindled among them from the Lord.

4 And the rabble^a among them craved with desire, and after they sat down, they wept—also the sons of Israel—and said, “Who shall feed us with meat? ⁵We remembered the fish that we used to eat in Egypt for nothing, and the cucumbers and the melons and the leeks and the onions and the garlic. ⁶But now our soul is parched; our eyes are towards nothing except the manna.”

7 Now the manna was like coriander seed, and its appearance was the appearance of rock-crystal. ⁸And the people would go through and collect and grind it in the mill or crush it in the mortar, and they would boil it in the pot and make it into cakes, and its flavor was like the taste of a cake made with oil. ⁹And when the dew descended upon the camp by night, the manna would descend on it.

10 And Moyses heard them weeping in their divisions, each one at his door. And the Lord was greatly angered with wrath, and before Moyses it was evil. ¹¹And Moyses said to the Lord, “Why have you mistreated your attendant, and why have I not found favor before you, to lay the onslaught of this people upon me? ¹²Was it I who carried in the womb all this people, or was it I who gave birth to them, that you are saying to me, ‘Take them to your bosom, as a nurse might take up the sucking child,’ into the land, which you swore to their fathers? ¹³From where do I get meat to give to all this people? For they are weeping to me, saying, ‘Give us meat so that we may eat!’ ¹⁴I shall not be able to bear this people alone, because this thing is too heavy for me. ¹⁵But if this is how you are going to treat me, kill me by slaying if I have found mercy with you so that I may not see my suffering.”

16 And the Lord said to Moyses, “Gather for me seventy men from the elders of Israel, whom you personally know that they are elders of the people and are their scribes, and you shall lead them to the tent of witness, and they shall stand there with you. ¹⁷And I will come down and speak there with you, and I will remove some of the spirit that is upon you, and I will place it upon them, and they shall assist you with the onslaught of the people, and you will not bear them alone. ¹⁸And you shall say to the people: Purify yourselves for tomorrow, and you shall eat meat; for you wept before the Lord, saying, ‘Who shall feed us with meat? For it was well for us in Egypt,’ and the Lord will give you meat to eat, and you shall eat meat. ¹⁹You shall not eat one day, nor two, nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days—²⁰up to a month of days you shall eat until it comes out of your nostrils and shall become as cholera to you, because you disobeyed the Lord who is among you and you wept before him, saying, ‘What did we do, to come out of Egypt?’” ²¹And Moyses said, “The people whom I am among are six hundred thousand on foot—and you said, ‘Meat I will give them, and they will eat for a month of days’! ²²Shall sheep and cattle really be slain for them, and will this be enough for them? Or shall all the food of the sea be gathered together for them, and will this be enough for them?” ²³And the Lord said to Moyses, “Will the Lord’s hand not be sufficient? Now you shall know whether my word will overtake you or not.”

24 And Moyses went out and spoke to the people the words of the Lord, and he gathered seventy men from the elders of the people, and he placed them around the tent. ²⁵And the Lord came down in a cloud and spoke to him and took away some of the spirit that was upon him and put it upon the seventy men who were elders. Now as the spirit rested upon them, they also prophesied, and they no longer added.

26 And two men were left in the camp, the name of the one Eldad and the name of the second Modad, and the spirit rested upon them. And these were among the ones who had been registered, and they did not go to the tent, and they prophesied in the camp. ²⁷And the young man ran out and reported to Moyses and spoke, saying, “Eldad and Modad are prophesying in the camp.” ²⁸And Iesous the son of Naue, the one who stood by Moyses, the chosen one, said, “O Sir Moyses—stop them!” ²⁹And Moyses said to him, “Are you really jealous for me? And who might grant that all the Lord’s people be prophets, when the Lord grants his spirit upon them?” ³⁰And Moyses departed into the camp, he and the elders of Israel.

31 And a wind went out from the Lord, and it brought quail^b over from the sea, and it cast them upon the camp, a day’s journey on this side and a day’s journey on the other side, all around the camp, about two cubits in height from the ground. ³²And the people rose up all the day and all the night and all the next day and gathered the quail^b. He who gathered little gathered ten kors^c, and they ^ddried them for themselves with dryings^d around the camp. ³³The meat was still between their teeth before it ^eexpired^e, and the Lord became angry against the people, and the Lord struck among the people with a very great plague. ³⁴And the name of that place was called Tombs of Craving, because there they buried the people that craved. ³⁵From Tombs of Craving the people set out for Haseroth, and the people were in Haseroth.

12 And Mariam and Aaron spoke against Moyses on account of the Ethiopian woman whom Moyses had taken, because he had taken an Ethiopian woman. ²And they said, “The Lord has not spoken only to Moyses, has he? Did he not also speak to us?” And the Lord listened.

³And the man Moyses was very meek, more than all the people who were upon the earth. ⁴And the Lord said at once to Moyses and Mariam and Aaron, “Come out, you three, to the tent of witness.” ⁵And the three came out to the tent of witness. And the Lord descended in a pillar of cloud and stood at the door of the tent of witness. And Aaron and Mariam were called, and they both came out. ⁶And he said to them, “Hear my words:

If there is a prophet of you for the Lord,
in a vision I will be known to him,
and in sleep I will speak to him.

⁷ Not so my attendant Moyses;
in my whole house he is faithful.

⁸ Mouth to mouth I will speak to him,
in visible form and not through riddles.
And he has seen the glory of the Lord.

And why were you not afraid to speak against my attendant Moyses?” ⁹And the anger of the Lord’s wrath was against them, and he departed.

10 And the cloud withdrew from the tent, and behold, Mariam was leprous like snow, and Aaron looked upon Mariam, and look, she was leprous. ¹¹And Aaron said to Moyses, “I beg you, Sir, do not lay extra sin upon us, because we were ignorant in that we sinned. ¹²Do not let her be like unto death, like a miscarriage coming out of a mother’s womb, and it devours half her flesh.” ¹³And Moyses cried out to the Lord, saying, “O God, I beg you, heal her!” ¹⁴And the Lord said to Moyses, “If her father when spitting had spat in her face, would she not be put to shame for seven days? Let her be separated for seven days outside the camp, and afterwards she shall enter.” ¹⁵And Mariam was kept apart outside the camp for seven days, and the people did not set out until Mariam was cleansed.

13 ^(12.16)And after this the people set out from Haseroth and encamped in the wilderness of Pharan.

2(1) And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying, ³⁽²⁾“Send out for yourself men, and let them spy out the land of the Chananites, which I am giving to the sons of Israel as a possession: one man per tribe, according to their paternal divisions you shall send them off, everyone of them a chief.” ⁴⁽³⁾And Moyses sent them out from the wilderness of Pharan by the voice of the Lord; all these men were chiefs of Israel. ⁵⁽⁴⁾And these are their names: Of the tribe of Rouben, Samou son of Zacchour; ⁶⁽⁵⁾of the tribe of Symeon, Saphat son of Houri; ⁷⁽⁶⁾ of the tribe of Ioudas, Chaleb son of Iephonne; ⁸⁽⁷⁾of the tribe of Issachar, Igaal son of Ioseph; ⁹⁽⁸⁾of the tribe of Ephraim, Hause son of Naue; ¹⁰⁽⁹⁾of the tribe of Beniamin, Phalti son of Raphou; ¹¹⁽¹⁰⁾of the tribe of Zaboulon, Goudiel son of Soudi; ¹²⁽¹¹⁾of the tribe of Ioseph (of the sons of Manasse), Gaddi son of Sousi; ¹³⁽¹²⁾of the tribe of Dan, Amiel son of Gamali; ¹⁴⁽¹³⁾of the tribe of Aser, Sathour son of Michael; ¹⁵⁽¹⁴⁾of the tribe of Nephthali, Nabi son of Iabi; ¹⁶⁽¹⁵⁾of the tribe of Gad, Goudiel son of Macchi. ¹⁷⁽¹⁶⁾These are the names of the men whom Moyses sent to spy out the land. And Moyses named Hause son of Naue, Iesous.

18(17) And Moyses sent them to spy out the land of Chanaan and said to them, “Go up by this wilderness, and you shall go up to the mountain. ¹⁹⁽¹⁸⁾And you shall see the land, what it is and the people who dwell upon it, if they are rather strong or weak, if they are few or many, ²⁰⁽¹⁹⁾and what the land is, which they dwell on, whether it is good or bad, and what the cities are which they live in, whether they are walled or unwalled, ²¹⁽²⁰⁾and what the land is, if it is rich or untended, if there are trees in it or not. And you shall persevere and take some of the fruit of the land.” And the days were days of spring, forerunners of the grape.

22(21) And they went up and spied out the land from the wilderness of Sin as far as Raab, as people enter Hemath. ²³⁽²²⁾And they went up by the wilderness and came as far as Chebron, and Achiman and Sesi and Thelamin were there, generations of Enak, and Chebron was built seven years before Tanis of Egypt. ²⁴⁽²³⁾And they came as far as Cluster Ravine, and they spied it out, and they cut down from there a branch and one cluster of grapes upon it, and they lifted it up on carrying-poles, and some of the pomegranates and some of the figs. ²⁵⁽²⁴⁾That place they named Cluster Ravine, because of the cluster that the sons of Israel cut down from there.

26(25) And they turned back from there, having spied out the land, after forty days. ²⁷⁽²⁶⁾And they went and came to Moyses and Aaron and to all the congregation of Israel’s sons, to the wilderness of Pharan Kades, and they brought back word to them and to all the congregation, and they showed the fruit of the land. ²⁸⁽²⁷⁾And they explained to him and said, “We came into the land, into which you sent us, a land flowing with milk and honey—and this is its fruit. ²⁹⁽²⁸⁾Except that the nation that is inhabiting ^athe land^a is bold, and the cities are strong, walled and very large, and we have seen the generation of Enak there. ³⁰⁽²⁹⁾And Amalek lives in the land that is towards the south, and the Chettite and the Heuite and the Iebousite and the Amorrite are living in the hill country, and the Chananite lives by the sea and by the Jordan river.”

31(30) And Chaleb silenced the people towards Moyses and said to him, “No, but when we go up we shall go up, and we shall obtain it as an inheritance, because being powerful we shall prevail against them.” ³²⁽³¹⁾But the men who went up together with him said, “We are not going up, because by no means will we be able to go up against the nation, because they are much stronger than we.” ³³⁽³²⁾And they brought about consternation for the land that they had spied out, to the sons of Israel, saying, “The land that we passed through to spy it out—it is a land that devours those who live upon it. All the people that we saw in it are very tall men, ³⁴⁽³³⁾and we have seen the giants there, and we were before them like grasshoppers—indeed even so we were before them.”

14 And all the congregation lifted up and gave voice, the people also kept weeping that whole night. ²And all the sons of Israel were complaining against Moyses and Aaron, and all the congregation said to them, “Would that we had died in the land of Egypt! Or if we had died in this wilderness! ³And why is the Lord bringing us into this land to fall in war? Our wives and children will become plunder! Now then, it is better for us to turn back into Egypt.” ⁴And they said one to the other, “Let us assign a chief and turn back into Egypt.”

5 And Moyses and Aaron fell face down before all the congregation of Israel’s sons. ⁶But Iesous the son of Naue and Chaleb the son of Iephonne, of those who had spied out the land, ripped their clothes, ⁷and they said to all the congregation of Israel’s sons, saying, “The land, that which we spied out, is very, very good. ⁸If the Lord is choosing us, he will bring us into this land and give it to us: a land that is flowing with milk and honey. ⁹Only do not become deserters from the Lord. But as for you, do not fear the people of the land, since they are food for us; for the right time^a has departed from them, but the Lord is among us. Do not fear them.”

10 And all the congregation said that they would stone them with stones. And the glory of the Lord appeared in a cloud upon the tent of witness among all the sons of Israel. ¹¹And the Lord said to Moyses, “How long is this people going to provoke me, and how long are they not going to believe me amidst all the signs that I have performed among them? ¹²I will strike them with death, and I will destroy them, and I will make you and your father’s house into a great nation and more numerous than this.”

13 And Moyses said to the Lord, “And Egypt will hear that you brought up this people by your might from them. ¹⁴But also, all those who dwell upon this land have heard that you are Lord among this people—you who are seen with eyes by eyes, O Lord, and your cloud has stood over them, and you go in front of them in a pillar of cloud during the day and in a pillar of fire during the night. ¹⁵And you shall wipe out this people as one person, and the nations, as many as have heard your name, shall speak, saying, ¹⁶‘Because the Lord was not able to bring this people into the land, which he swore to them, he strewed them in the wilderness.’ ¹⁷And now let your strength be exalted, O Lord, in the manner that you spoke, saying,

¹⁸ ‘The Lord is long-suffering

and very merciful and true,

removing acts of lawlessness and injustice
         and sin.

And by cleansing he will not cleanse the
         guilty,

repaying sins of fathers upon children

until the third and fourth^b.’

¹⁹Forgive this people their sin according to your great mercy, just as you were gracious to them from Egypt until the present.”

20 And the Lord said to Moyses, “I am merciful to them according to your word. ²¹But I live, and my name is living; the glory of the Lord shall also fill all the earth. ²²For all the men who saw my glory and the signs that I performed in Egypt and in this wilderness and tested me this tenth time and did not listen to my voice, ²³surely they shall not see the land that I swore to their fathers. Instead, their children who are with me here, as many as do not know good nor evil, every inexperienced younger person—to these I will give the land, but all those who provoked me shall not see it. ²⁴But as for my servant Chaleb, because there was another spirit in him and he followed me, I too will bring him into the land, there where he entered, and his offspring shall inherit it. ²⁵But Amalek and the Chananite are living in the valley; tomorrow, as for you, return, and set out for the wilderness, by way of the Red Sea.”

26 And the Lord said to Moyses and Aaron, saying: ²⁷How long—this wicked congregation? I have heard what they themselves are complaining against me, the complaint of the sons of Israel, which they have complained concerning you. ²⁸Say to them, “I live,” says the Lord, “surely in the way you have spoken in my ears, so I will do to you. ²⁹In this wilderness your limbs shall fall, even your entire tally, and those of you who were enumerated from twenty years and above, as many as complained against me. ³⁰If you shall enter into the land upon which I stretched out my hand to make you encamp upon it—except for Chaleb son of Iephonne and Iesous the son of Naue. ³¹And as for the children who you said would be as plunder—I will lead them into the land, and they shall inherit the land, that which you turned away from. ³²And your limbs shall fall in this wilderness. ³³But your sons shall be feeding in the wilderness for forty years, and they shall bear your fornication until your limbs are wasted in the wilderness. ³⁴According to the number of the days, as many as you spied out the land—forty days, a day per year—you shall bear your sins for forty years, and you shall know the wrath of my anger.” ³⁵I the Lord have spoken; surely I will do thus to this evil congregation that has banded together against me. In this wilderness they shall be utterly consumed, and there they shall die.

36 And as for the men whom Moyses sent to spy out the land and when they arrived complained against it to the congregation in order to bring about evil words concerning the land—³⁷the men who were saying bad things against the land also died by a blow^c before the Lord. ³⁸And Iesous son of Naue and Chaleb son of Iephonne lived on of those men who had gone to spy out the land.

39 And Moyses spoke these words to all sons of Israel, and the people mourned very much. ⁴⁰And early in the morning they went up to the top of the mountain, saying, “Behold, we here will go up to the place which the Lord has said, because we have sinned.” ⁴¹And Moyses said, “Why are you transgressing the word of the Lord? It will not be easy going for you. ⁴²Do not go up, for the Lord is not with you, and you will fall before your enemies. ⁴³For Amalek and the Chananite are there before you, and you shall fall by dagger; because you have turned away by disobeying the Lord, the Lord will also not be among you.” ⁴⁴And they acted forcefully and went up to the top of the mountain, but the ark of the covenant of the Lord and Moyses did not move from the camp. ⁴⁵And Amalek came down and the Chananite, who was lying in ambush in that mountain, and they routed them and cut them down as far as Herma, and they turned back to the camp.

15 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: When you come into the land of your dwelling, which I am giving you, ³and you^a will make an offering to the Lord: a whole burnt offering or a sacrifice to magnify a vow or voluntarily or to make an odor of fragrance to the Lord at your feasts, whether from the cattle or from the sheep, ⁴he who presents his gift to the Lord shall also present a sacrifice of fine flour, one-tenth of an oiphi^b mixed in oil, with a fourth part of a hin^c. ⁵And you shall do wine as a libation, the fourth part of a hin^c, upon the whole burnt offering or upon the sacrifice; for the one lamb you^a shall make so much as an offering, an odor of fragrance to the Lord. ⁶And for the ram, when you do it as a whole burnt offering or as a sacrifice, you^a shall make a sacrifice of two-tenths of fine flour, mixed in oil, the third part of a hin^c. ⁷And you shall present wine as a libation, the third part of a hin^c, as an odor of fragrance to the Lord. ⁸But if you offer one of the cattle as a whole burnt offering or as a sacrifice to magnify a vow or for deliverance to the Lord, ⁹he shall also present upon the bull calf a sacrifice of fine flour, three-tenths mixed in oil, half a hin^c, ¹⁰and wine as a libation, half a hin^c, as an offering, an odor of fragrance to the Lord.

11 Thus you^a shall do to the one bull calf or to the one ram or to the one lamb from the sheep or from the goats; ¹²according to the number of what you might offer, so you shall do to the one, according to their number. ¹³Every native shall do such things so, to present offerings as an odor of fragrance to the Lord. ¹⁴But if there is a guest among you in your land or one who is born among you in your generations and he makes an offering, an odor of fragrance to the Lord—in the manner you yourselves do, so ⁽¹⁵⁾the congregation shall do for the Lord. ¹⁵One law shall be for you and for the guests who associate themselves among you, an everlasting law for your generations; as you are, also the guest shall be before the Lord. ¹⁶There shall be one law and one statute for you and for the guest who attaches himself to you.

17 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ¹⁸Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: When you enter into the land, there where I am bringing you into, ¹⁹and it shall be, when you eat from the loaves of the land, you shall remove an advance deduction as something set apart for the Lord, ²⁰as the first fruit of your dough, a loaf. As an advance deduction you shall set it apart; as an advance deduction from the threshing floor, so you shall remove it, ²¹as the first fruit of your dough, and you shall give to the Lord an advance deduction for your generations.

22 But when you fail utterly and do not perform all these commandments that the Lord spoke to Moyses—²³just as the Lord instructed you by the hand of Moyses, from the day on which the Lord instructed you, and beyond throughout your generations—²⁴and it shall be, if it happens unintentionally outside the eyes of the congregation, all the congregation shall also do one unblemished calf from the cattle as a whole burnt offering, as an odor of fragrance to the Lord, and the sacrifice of this and its libation according to instruction and one male goat from the goats for sin. ²⁵And the priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of Israel’s sons, and it shall be forgiven them because it is unintentional. And they themselves have brought their gift as an offering to the Lord for their sin before the Lord, for their unintentional sins. ²⁶And it shall be forgiven with respect to all the congregation of Israel’s sons and for the guest who attaches himself to you, because for all the people it is unintentional.

27 Now if one soul sins unintentionally, he shall bring forward one year-old female goat for sin. ²⁸And the priest shall make atonement concerning the soul that acts unintentionally and sins unintentionally before the Lord, to make atonement for him. ²⁹For the local inhabitant among Israel’s sons and for the guest who associates himself among them, there shall be one law for them, whoever might have acted unintentionally. ³⁰And a soul that shall act with a hand of arrogance, from the natives or from the guests, this one provokes God; that soul shall be completely destroyed from his people, ³¹because he despised the word of the Lord and scattered his commandments. That soul shall be wiped out with a wiping; his sin is in him.

32 And the sons of Israel were in the wilderness, and they found a man gathering sticks on the day of the sabbaths. ³³And those who found him gathering sticks brought him to Moyses and Aaron and to all the congregation of Israel’s sons. ³⁴And they placed him in custody, for they did not decide what they should do to him. ³⁵And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying, “Let the man by death be put to death; stone him with stones—all the congregation.”

³⁶And all the congregation brought him forth outside the camp, and all the congregation stoned him with stones outside the camp, just as the Lord instructed Moyses.

37 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ³⁸Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall speak to them. And let them make for themselves fringes on the flaps^a of their garments throughout their generations, and you shall put on the fringes of the flaps^a a blue thread. ³⁹And it shall be for you on the fringes, and you shall see them and remember all the commandments of the Lord, and you will do them. And you shall not turn aside after your thoughts and after your eyes, in the things after which you whore, ⁴⁰so that you shall remember and do all my commandments, and you shall be holy to your God. ⁴¹I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your god; I am the Lord your God.

16 And Kore son of Isaar son of Kaath son of Leui spoke, and Dathan and Abiron sons of Eliab and Aun son of Phaleth son of Rouben, ²and they rose up against Moyses, and two hundred fifty men of the sons of Israel, chiefs of the congregation, summoned for council and renowned men, ³stood together against Moyses and Aaron and said, “Enough with you, because the whole congregation—all are holy, and the Lord is among them. And why do you rise up against the congregation of the Lord?” ⁴And when Moyses heard it, he fell face down, ⁵and he spoke to Kore and to all his congregation, saying, “God has enrolled, and he recognized the ones who are his and who are holy, and he brought them to himself, and those whom he chose for himself he brought to himself. ⁶This do: Take for yourselves fire-pans, Kore and all his congregation, ⁷and put fire on them, and put incense on them before the Lord tomorrow. And it shall be, the man whom the Lord chooses, he shall be holy; let it be sufficient for you, sons of Leui!” ⁸And Moyses said to Kore, “Listen to me, sons of Leui! ⁹This is not a small thing for you, is it, that the God of Israel has separated you from the congregation of Israel and brought you to himself to minister in the services of the tent of the Lord and to stand by before the congregation to serve them? ¹⁰And he brought you forward, and all your brothers, the sons of Leui with you—are you also seeking to serve as priests? ¹¹Thus are you and all your congregation that has gathered together against God. And as for Aaron—who is he that you are complaining against him?”

12 And Moyses sent to call Dathan and Abiron, sons of Eliab. And they said, “We are not coming up. ¹³This is not a small thing, is it, that you brought us up from a land flowing with milk and honey to kill us in the wilderness, since you rule over us as a ruler? ¹⁴Even if you had led us into a land flowing with milk and honey and had given us an allotment of land and vineyards, you would have cut out the eyes of those men. We are not coming up!”

15 And Moyses was extremely indignant and said to the Lord, “Pay no attention to their sacrifice; I have not taken what was desired from any one of them, nor did I harm any one of them.” ¹⁶And Moyses said to Kore, “Sanctify your congregation, and be ready before the Lord, you and they and Aaron, tomorrow. ¹⁷And take, each one, his fire-pan, and you shall put incense upon them, and you shall bring forward, each one, his fire-pan before the Lord, two hundred and fifty fire-pans; you also and Aaron, each his fire-pan.” ¹⁸And each man took his fire-pan, and they placed upon them fire, and they laid upon them incense, and they stood near the entrance of the tent of witness, Moyses and Aaron. ¹⁹And Kore banded together against them all his congregation by the door of the tent of witness, and the glory of the Lord appeared to all the congregation.

20 And the Lord spoke to Moyses and Aaron, saying: ²¹Be separated from the midst of this congregation, and I will utterly destroy them once and for all. ²²And they fell upon their face and said, “O God, God of the spirits and of all flesh, if one person sinned, is the anger of the Lord upon all the congregation?”

23 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²⁴Speak to the congregation, saying: Depart from around the congregation of Kore. ²⁵And Moyses arose and went to Dathan and Abiron, and all the elders of Israel went together with him. ²⁶And he spoke to the congregation, saying, “Be separated from the tents of these stubborn men, and do not touch anything of all that is theirs, lest you too perish in all their sin.” ²⁷And they departed from around the tent of Kore, and Dathan and Abiron came out, and they stood by the doors of their tents, and their wives and their children and their chattel. ²⁸And Moyses said, “By this you shall know that the Lord has sent me to do all these works, because it is not of my own accord. ²⁹If these are to die according to death of all people, if also their visitation is to be according to the visitation of all people, the Lord has not sent me. ³⁰But if the Lord will show forth by an omen and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them down and their households and their tents and all that belongs to them and they go down alive into Hades, then you shall know that these men provoked the Lord.”

31 Now as he stopped speaking all these words, the earth underneath them was split apart. ³²And the earth was opened and swallowed them down, and their households and all the men who were with Kore and their cattle. ³³And they went down, they and as much as was theirs, alive into Hades, and the earth covered them, and they perished from the midst of the congregation. ³⁴And all Israel who were around them fled from the sound of them, for they were saying, “Lest the earth swallow us down!” ³⁵And fire went out from the Lord and consumed the two hundred and fifty men who were offering the incense.

36 And the Lord spoke to Moyses ³⁷and to Eleazar the priest the son of Aaron: Take away the bronze fire-pans from the midst of those who have been burned up, and scatter this strange fire there, for they sanctified ⁽³⁸⁾the fire-pans of these sinners with their lives. ³⁸And make them into hammered plates, a covering for the altar, because they were brought forward before the Lord and were sanctified and became a sign to the sons of Israel. ³⁹And Eleazar son of Aaron the priest took the bronze fire-pans, as many as those who had been burned up brought forward, and they added them as a covering for the altar; ⁴⁰a reminder to the sons of Israel so that not one alien should draw near who is not of the offspring of Aaron, to place incense before the Lord. And it shall not be like Kore and his insurrection, just as the Lord spoke by the hand of Moyses.

41 And on the next day the sons of Israel complained against Moyses and Aaron, saying, “You have killed the people of the Lord.” ⁴²And it came to pass, when the congregation ganged up against Moyses and Aaron, then they rushed headlong to the tent of witness, and this—the cloud covered it and the glory of the Lord appeared. ⁴³And Moyses and Aaron went in, in front of the tent of witness. ⁴⁴And the Lord spoke to Moyses and Aaron, saying, ⁴⁵“Depart from the midst of this congregation, and I will utterly destroy them once and for all.” And they fell upon their face. ⁴⁶And Moyses said to Aaron, “Take the fire-pan and place on it fire from the altar, and throw incense on it, and carry it away quickly to the camp, and make atonement for them, for anger has gone out from before the Lord, and it has begun to shatter the people.” ⁴⁷And Aaron took it, just as Moyses spoke to him, and he ran into the congregation. And already the shattering had begun among the people, and he threw the incense and made atonement for the people. ⁴⁸And he stood between the dead and the living, and the shattering abated. ⁴⁹And the dead in the shattering were fourteen thousand and seven hundred, apart from those who had died on account of Kore. ⁵⁰And Aaron returned to Moyses at the door of the tent of witness, and the shattering abated.

17 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²Speak to the sons of Israel, and take from them a rod, a rod according to the paternal houses from all their rulers, according to their paternal houses, twelve rods, and of each one inscribe his name upon his rod. ³And inscribe Aaron’s name upon the rod of Leui, for there is one rod; according to the tribe of their paternal house they shall give. ⁴And you shall place them in the tent of witness opposite the witness, there where I shall be made known to you. ⁵And it shall be: the person, if I choose him, his rod shall sprout forth, and I will strip away from me the complaining of the sons of Israel, which things they are themselves complaining against you. ⁶And Moyses spoke to the sons of Israel, and all their rulers gave to him a rod, a rod for one ruler, according to ruler, according to their paternal houses, twelve rods, and the rod of Aaron was among their rods. ⁷And Moyses deposited the rods before the Lord in the tent of the witness.

8 And it came to pass on the next day that Moyses and Aaron went into the tent of witness, and behold, the rod of Aaron for Leui’s house had sprouted, and it had produced a bud and had blossomed flowers and had sprouted almonds. ⁹And Moyses brought out all the rods from before the Lord to all of Israel’s sons, and they looked and they took, each his rod. ¹⁰And the Lord said to Moyses, “Deposit the rod of Aaron before the witnesses for safekeeping, as a sign to the sons of the disobedient ones, and let their complaining cease from me, and they will certainly not die.” ¹¹And Moyses did—and Aaron—just as the Lord instructed Moyses, so they did.

12 And the sons of Israel spoke to Moyses, saying, “Behold, we have been completely destroyed; we are lost; we are totally ruined. ¹³Everyone who touches the tent of the Lord dies—are we to die totally?”

18 And the Lord spoke to Aaron, saying: You and your sons and your paternal house shall bear the sins of^a the holy things, and you and your sons shall bear the sins of your priesthood. ²And bring to yourself your brothers, Leui’s tribe, a division of your father, and let them be added to you, and let them minister to you, also you and your sons with you before the tent of witness. ³And they shall keep your guard duties and the guard duties of the^b tent, but they shall not approach the holy furnishings and the altar, and both they and you shall not die. ⁴And they shall be added to you, and they shall keep the guard duties of the tent of witness, according to all the ministries of the tent, and no alien shall approach you. ⁵And you shall keep the guard duties of the holy things and the guard duties of the altar, and there shall not be wrath among the sons of Israel. ⁶And as for me, I have taken your brothers the Leuites from the midst of Israel’s sons, as a gift given to the Lord, to minister in the ministries of the tent of witness. ⁷And you and your sons with you shall maintain your priestly office according to the whole manner of the altar and that which is within the veil. And you shall minister in the ministry as a gift of your priesthood, and the alien who comes near shall die.

8 And the Lord spoke to Aaron: And I, behold, I have given to you the safekeeping of the first fruits of all the things consecrated to me by the sons of Israel; to you I have given them as an honor^c and to your sons with you as a perpetual precept. ⁹And let this be for you, from the holy things that are consecrated, the offerings, from all their gifts and from all their sacrifices and from every error of theirs and from all their sins, as many as they give back to me from all the holy things—they shall be for you and for your sons. ¹⁰In the holy of holies you shall eat them; every male shall eat them, you and your sons; they shall be holy to you. ¹¹And this shall be for you a first fruit of their gifts, from all the additions of the sons of Israel; to you I have given them and to your sons and to your daughters with you, as a perpetual precept. Every clean person in your house shall eat them. ¹²Every first fruit of oil and every first fruit of wine and of grain, their first fruit, as much as they may give to the Lord, to you I have given them. ¹³All the first products, as many as are in their land, as many as they may bring to the Lord, shall be yours; everyone who is clean in your house shall eat them. ¹⁴Everything anathematized among Israel’s sons shall be yours. ¹⁵And everything that opens the womb from all flesh, which they offer to the Lord, from human to animal, shall be yours, but the firstborn of people shall be redeemed with a ransom, and the firstborn of the unclean animals you shall redeem. ¹⁶And its redemption is from a month old; its evaluation is five shekels, according to the holy shekel; twenty obols there are. ¹⁷But firstborn of calves and firstborn of sheep and first-born of goats you shall not redeem; they are holy. And you shall pour out their blood against the altar, and the fat you shall offer up as an offering for an odor of fragrance to the Lord, ¹⁸but the meat shall be for you, just as also the breast of the addition and just as the right shoulder shall be for you. ¹⁹Every advance deduction of the holy things, as many as the sons of Israel may deduct for the Lord, I have given to you and to your sons and to your daughters with you, as a perpetual precept; it is a covenant of perpetual salt before the Lord, for you and for your offspring after you. ²⁰And the Lord spoke to Aaron: You shall have no inheritance in their land, and there shall not be a portion for you among them, for I am your portion and your inheritance in the midst of the sons of Israel.

21 And to the sons of Leui, behold, I have given every tithe in Israel as an allotment for their ministries, as much as they minister in the ministry in the tent of witness. ²²And the sons of Israel shall no longer go up into the tent of witness—to incur deadly sin. ²³And the Leuite himself shall minister in the ministry of the tent of witness, and they shall bear their sins as a perpetual precept for their generations, and in the midst of Israel’s sons they shall not inherit an inheritance, ²⁴because I have given the tithes of the sons of Israel, which they set apart as an advance deduction, to the Leuites as an allotment. Therefore I have said to them: In the midst of Israel’s sons they shall not inherit an allotment.

25 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²⁶And you shall speak to the Leuites, and you shall say to them: If you receive from the sons of Israel the tithe that I have given to you from them as an allotment, you shall also deduct from it an advance deduction to the Lord, a tithe from the tithe. ²⁷And your advance deductions shall be reckoned to you as grain from a threshing floor and as an advance deduction from a wine press. ²⁸So you too shall deduct from the advance deductions of the Lord, from all your tithes, as much as you receive from the sons of Israel, and from them you shall give an advance deduction to the Lord, to Aaron the priest. ²⁹From all your gifts you shall deduct an advance deduction to the Lord, or from all the first fruits the sanctified part of it. ³⁰And you shall say to them: When you deduct the first fruit from it, it shall also be reckoned to the Leuites as produce from a threshing floor and as produce from a wine press. ³¹And you shall eat it in every place, you and your households, because this is a wage for you for your ministries in the tent of witness. ³²And you shall not bear sin because of it, when you deduct the first fruit from it, and you shall not profane the holy things of the sons of Israel so that you might not die.

19 And the Lord spoke to Moyses and Aaron, saying: ²This is the requirement of the law, inasmuch as the Lord instructed, saying: Speak to the sons of Israel, and let them take to you an unblemished red heifer, which does not have a blemish on it and which no yoke was put upon. ³And you shall give it to Eleazar the priest, and they shall lead it outside the camp to a clean place, and they shall slaughter it before him. ⁴And Eleazar shall take some of its blood and sprinkle some of its blood seven times opposite the face of the tent of witness. ⁵And they shall burn it up before him, and the skin and its flesh and its blood, together with its dung, shall be burned up. ⁶And the priest shall take cedar wood and hyssop and scarlet, and they shall cast them into the midst of the burning of the heifer. ⁷And the priest shall wash his clothes and bathe his body with water, and afterwards he shall enter into the camp, and the priest shall be unclean until evening. ⁸And the one who burns it up shall wash his clothes and bathe his body, and he shall be unclean until evening. ⁹And a clean person shall collect the ashes of the heifer and deposit them outside the camp into a clean place, and they shall be for the congregation of Israel’s sons for safekeeping, water for sprinkling. It is a purification. ¹⁰And the one who gathers the ashes of the heifer shall wash his clothes and shall be unclean until evening.

And it shall be a perpetual precept for the sons of Israel and for the guests who associate themselves. ¹¹The one who touches the dead of any human soul shall be unclean for seven days. ¹²He shall be purified on the third day and on the seventh day, and he shall be clean, but if he is not purified on the third day and on the seventh day, he shall not be clean. ¹³Everyone who touches the dead from a human soul—if he died and was not purified—has defiled the tent of the Lord. That soul shall be wiped out from Israel; because water for sprinkling was not sprinkled upon him, he is unclean; his uncleanness is still in him.

14 And this is the law: a person, if he dies in a house, everyone who enters into the house and as many things as are in the house shall be unclean for seven days. ¹⁵And every open vessel, as many as do not have a band tied on it, are unclean. ¹⁶And everyone who, on the surface of the plain, might touch a slain person or a corpse or a human bone or a grave, for seven days he shall be unclean. ¹⁷And they shall take for the unclean some of the burnt ashes of purification, and they shall pour out upon them living water into a vessel. ¹⁸And a clean man shall take hyssop and dip it into the water and sprinkle it upon the house and upon the furnishings and upon the souls, as many as are there, and upon the one who touched the human bone or the slain person or the dead person or the grave. ¹⁹And the clean one shall sprinkle upon the unclean one on the third day and on the seventh day, and he shall be purified on the seventh day. And he shall wash his clothes and bathe himself with water, and he shall be unclean until evening. ²⁰And a person who is defiled and is not purified, that soul shall be completely destroyed from amidst the congregation, because he defiled the holy things of the Lord; because the water for sprinkling was not sprinkled upon him, he is unclean.

21 And it shall be for you a perpetual precept, and the one who sprinkles the water for sprinkling shall wash his clothes, and the one who touches the water for the sprinkling shall be unclean until evening. ²²And everything the unclean one touches shall be unclean, and the soul who touches it shall be unclean until evening.

20 And the sons of Israel, the whole congregation, came into the wilderness of Sin in the first month, and the people stayed in Kades, and Mariam died there and was buried there.

2 And there was no water for the congregation, and they were gathered together against Moyses and Aaron. ³And the people were reviling Moyses, saying, “If only we had died in the destruction of our brothers before the Lord! ⁴And why did you bring up the congregation of the Lord into this wilderness, to kill us and our animals? ⁵And why is it that you brought us up out of Egypt, to come into this evil place? A place it is where nothing is sown, neither figs nor vines nor pomegranates, nor is there water to drink.” ⁶And Moyses went, and Aaron, from before the congregation to the door of the tent of witness, and they fell face down, and the glory of the Lord appeared to them. ⁷And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ⁸Take the rod, and hold an assembly of the congregation, you and your brother Aaron, and speak to the rock before them, and it shall give forth its waters. And you shall bring water out from the rock for them, and you shall provide drink for the congregation and their animals.

9 And Moyses took the rod that was before the Lord, just as the Lord instructed. ¹⁰And Moyses and Aaron held an assembly of the congregation before the rock, and he said to them, “Listen to me, you disobedient people; we shall not bring forth water from this rock for you, shall we?” ¹¹And Moyses lifted up his hand and struck the rock twice with the rod, and much water came out, and the congregation drank, and their animals. ¹²And the Lord said to Moyses and Aaron, “Because you did not believe, to sanctify me before Israel’s sons, therefore, you yourselves shall not lead this congregation into the land that I have given to them.” ¹³This is a water of dispute, because the sons of Israel reviled before the Lord, and he was sanctified in them.

14 And Moyses sent messengers from Kades to the king of Edom, saying, “This is what your brother Israel says: You understand about all the trouble that has found us, ¹⁵and our fathers went down into Egypt, and we lived as sojourners in Egypt for rather many days, and the Egyptians mistreated us and our fathers. ¹⁶And we cried out to the Lord, and the Lord listened to our voice, and having sent an angel he led us out of Egypt, and now we are in Kades, a town on the edge of your borders. ¹⁷We shall pass through your land; we shall not traverse fields or vineyards, nor shall we drink water from your cistern. We will travel by the Royal Road; we will not turn aside to the right nor to the left until we have passed through your borders.”

18 And Edom said to him, “You shall not traverse me, and if otherwise, I will come out in war to meet you.” ¹⁹And the sons of Israel were saying to him, “We will pass along the mountain, but if we drink of your water, both I and the animals, I will pay you a price. But ^athe matter is nothing^a: we will pass along the mountain.” ²⁰But he said, “You shall not traverse me.” And Edom went out to meet him with a heavily armed crowd and with a strong hand. ²¹And Edom did not want to grant Israel to go through his borders, and Israel turned away from him.

22 And they departed from Kades, and the sons of Israel, all the congregation, arrived at Hor the mountain. ²³And the Lord said to Moyses and Aaron in Hor the mountain, on the borders of the land of Edom, saying, ²⁴“Let Aaron be added to his people. For you^b shall not enter into the land that I have given to the sons of Israel, because you^b provoked me at the water of reviling. ²⁵Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and make them go up to Hor the mountain before all the congregation. ²⁶And strip Aaron of his cloak, and put it on Eleazar his son, and when Aaron has been added^c let him die there.” ²⁷And Moyses did just as the Lord instructed, and he brought them up to Hor the mountain before all the congregation. ²⁸And he stripped Aaron of his clothes and put them on Eleazar his son. And Aaron died on the top of the mountain, and Moyses and Eleazar came down from the mountain. ²⁹And all the congregation saw that Aaron had departed, and they wept for Aaron for thirty days, all the house of Israel.

21 And Chananis, king of Arad, who lived by the wilderness, heard, for Israel came by way of Atharim, and he made war against Israel and carried off a body of captives of them. ²And Israel vowed a vow to the Lord and said, “If you deliver to me this people as subject, I will anathematize it and its towns to destruction.” ³And the Lord listened to the voice of Israel and handed over Chananis as subject to^a him, and he anathematized him and his cities. And they called the name of that place Anathema.

4 And they set out from Hor the mountain by way to the Red Sea, and they went around the land of Edom. And the people became faint-hearted on the way. ⁵And the people railed at God and against Moyses, saying, “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to kill us in the wilderness? For there is no bread and no water, and our soul has become weary by this empty food.” ⁶And the Lord sent among the people deadly snakes, and they would bite the people; many people of the sons of Israel died. ⁷And the people came to Moyses and said, “We have sinned, for we have railed against the Lord and against you; so pray to the Lord, and let him take away the snake from us.” And Moyses prayed to the Lord for the people. ⁸And the Lord said to Moyses, “Make for yourself a snake, and set it on a sign. And it shall be that if a snake bites a person, everyone who is bitten when he looks at it shall live.” ⁹And Moyses made a snake of bronze and put it upon a sign, and it came to pass that when a snake bit a person and he looked at the bronze snake, then he lived.

10 And the sons of Israel set out and camped in Oboth. ¹¹And they departed from Oboth and camped in ^bAchel Gai^b, on the farther side in the wilderness, which is opposite Moab toward sunrise. ¹²From there they set out and camped in the ravine of Zared. ¹³And from there they set out and camped on the farther side of Arnon in the wilderness that extends from the borders of the Amorrites, for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and between the Amorrite. ¹⁴For this reason it is said in a book:

“A war of the Lord has set on fire Zoob
and the wadis of Arnon,

¹⁵ and he has appointed the wadis to settle Er,
and it lies near to the borders of Moab.”

16 And from there to the well. This is the well of which the Lord said to Moyses, “Gather the people together, and I will give them water to drink.” ¹⁷Then Israel sang this song over the well:

“Take the lead for it!

¹⁸ O Well—rulers dug it;

kings of nations hewed it out

in their kingdom, when they were in control
         of them.”

And from the well to Manthanain ¹⁹and from Manthanain to Naaliel and from Naaliel to Bamoth ²⁰and from Bamoth to a valley, which is in the plain of Moab, from the top of ^cthe Hewn^c—that which looks down towards the wilderness.

21 And Moyses sent ambassadors to Seon king of the Amorrites with peaceful words, saying, ²²“We shall pass through your land; we will travel by the road; we shall not divert into field or vineyard, nor shall we drink water from your well. We will travel by the Royal Road until we have passed through your borders.” ²³And Seon did not grant Israel to pass through his borders. And Seon gathered together all his people and went out to array his army for battle against Israel into the wilderness, and he came to Iasa^d and arrayed his army against Israel. ²⁴And Israel struck him with a slaughter of dagger and won complete control of his land, from Arnon to Iabok, as far as Amman’s sons, for Iazer is the borders of Amman’s sons. ²⁵And Israel took all these cities, and Israel settled in all the cities of the Amorrites, in Hesebon and in all those contiguous to it. ²⁶For Hesebon is a city of Seon, the king of the Amorrites, and he waged war previously against the king of Moab, and they took all his land from Aroer as far as Arnon. ²⁷Therefore, those who speak riddles will say,

“Come to Hesebon
so that Seon’s city may be built and
         prepared.

²⁸ For a fire came out from Hesebon,
a flame from Seon’s city,

and it devoured as far as Moab
and swallowed up the steles of Arnon.

²⁹ Woe to you, O Moab!
You were ruined, O people of Chamos!

Their sons were given over to escape,
and their daughters are captives
to the king of the Amorrites, to Seon.

³⁰ And their offspring shall perish—Hesebon
         as far as Daibon,

and the women yet further ignited a fire
against Moab.”

31 And Israel settled in all the cities of the Amorrites. ³²And Moyses sent to spy out Iazer, and they captured it and its villages, and they cast out the Amorrite who was there.

33 And they turned about and went up the road to Basan. And Og, king of Basan, came out for an engagement with them, and all his people, for war to Edrain. ³⁴And the Lord said to Moyses, “Do not be afraid of him, for into your hands I have delivered him and all his people and all his land. And you shall do to him as you did to Seon, king of the Amorrites, who dwelt in Hesebon.” ³⁵And he struck him and his sons and all his people until he left none of his as live captives, and they inherited their land.

22 And the sons of Israel set out and encamped on the west of Moab by the Jordan opposite Iericho. ²And when Balak son of Sepphor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorrite, ³also Moab feared the people very much, because they were many, and Moab was vexed because of the presence of Israel’s sons. ⁴And Moab said to the council of elders of Madiam, “Now this gathering will lick up all those who are around us, as the bull calf might lick up the greenery of the plain.” And Balak son of Sepphor was king of Moab at that time. ⁵And he sent ambassadors to Balaam son of Beor of^a Pathoura, which is on the river of the land of his people’s sons, to call him, saying, “Behold, a people has come out of Egypt, and behold, it has covered the sight of the earth, and it is lying in wait next to me. ⁶And now come, curse for me this people, since it is stronger than we are, if we may be able to strike some of them, and I will cast them out from the land. For I know that whomever you bless are blessed, and whomever you curse are cursed.”

7 And the council of elders of Moab went, and the council of elders of Madiam, and the instruments of divination were in their hands, and they came to Balaam and said to him the words of Balak. ⁸And he said to them, “Lodge here tonight, and I will answer you matters the Lord may speak to me.” And the rulers of Moab stayed with Balaam. ⁹And God came to Balaam and said to him, “What are these people with you?” ¹⁰And Balaam said to God, “Balak son of Sepphor, king of Moab, sent them to me, saying, ¹¹‘Behold, a people has come out of Egypt, and behold, it has covered the sight of the earth, and it is lying in wait next to me. And now come, curse it for me, if indeed I shall be able to strike it, and I will cast it out from the land.’” ¹²And God said to Balaam, “You shall not go with them, nor shall you curse the people, for it is blessed.” ¹³And Balaam rose up in the morning and said to the rulers of Balak, “Run off to your master; God does not permit me to go with you.” ¹⁴And the rulers of Moab arose and went to Balak and said, “Balaam does not want to go with us.”

15 And Balak added again to send rulers, more numerous and more distinguished than these. ¹⁶And they came to Balaam and said to him, “This is what Balak son of Sepphor says, ‘I beg you, do not hesitate to come to me. ¹⁷For I will honor you honorably, and whatever things you say I will do for you. And come, curse for me this people.’” ¹⁸And Balaam answered and said to the rulers of Balak, “If Balak gives me his house full of silver and gold, I shall not be able to transgress the word of the Lord God to do it, whether small or great in my mind. ¹⁹And now remain here, you too, this night, and I will know what the Lord will add to speak to me.” ²⁰And God came to Balaam by night and said to him, “If these people are here to call you, rise up, and follow them, but the word that I speak to you—this you shall do.” ²¹And Balaam rose up in the morning and saddled his donkey and went with the rulers of Moab.

22 And God was angry with wrath, because he went, and the angel of the Lord rose up to oppose^b him. And he himself was sitting on his donkey, and his two servants were with him. ²³And when the donkey saw the angel of God standing opposed in the road and the sword drawn in his hand, then the donkey turned away from the road and kept going into the plain. And he struck the donkey with his rod to direct it in the road. ²⁴And the angel of God stood in the furrows of the vineyards, a fence here and a fence there. ²⁵And when the donkey saw the angel of God, it pressed itself against the wall and squeezed Balaam’s foot, and he added to whip it again. ²⁶And the angel of God proceeded and went on and stood still in a narrow place in which it was not possible to turn right or left. ²⁷And when the donkey saw the angel of God, it settled down under Balaam, and Balaam was angered and kept beating the donkey with the rod. ²⁸And God opened the mouth of the donkey, and it said to Balaam, “What have I done to you that you have struck me this third time?” ²⁹And Balaam said to the donkey, “Because you have mocked me! And if I had a dagger in my hand, I would already have stabbed you!” ³⁰And the donkey says to Balaam, “Am I not your donkey on which you would ride from your youth to this very day? Disregarding with disregard—I have not done so to you, have I?” And he said, “No!”

31 Now God uncovered the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of God standing opposed in the road and the dagger drawn in his hand, and he bowed down and did obeisance to his face. ³²And the angel of God said to him, “Why have you struck your donkey this third time? And behold, I came out to oppose you, because your way was not pretty before me. ³³And when the donkey saw me, it turned away from me this third time. And if it had not turned away, now surely I would have killed you but kept it alive.” ³⁴And Balaam said to the angel of the Lord, “I have sinned, for I did not understand that you stood opposed to me on the road for a meeting. And now, if it is not pleasing to you, I will turn back.” ³⁵And the angel of God said to Balaam, “Go with the men, but the word that I say to you, this you shall take heed to speak.” And Balaam went with the rulers of Balak.

36 And when Balak heard that Balaam had come, he went out to meet him, to a city of Moab, which is on the borders of Arnon, which is on the edge of the borders. ³⁷And Balak said to Balaam, “Did I not send to you to call you? Why did you not come to me? Really, shall I not be able to honor you?” ³⁸And Balaam said to Balak, “Behold, I have come to you. Shall I now be able to speak anything? The word that God puts into my mouth, this I shall speak.” ³⁹And Balaam went with Balak, and they came to cities of quarters^c. ⁴⁰And Balak sacrificed sheep and calves and sent them to Balaam and to the rulers who were with him.

41 And it became morning, and Balak took along Balaam and brought him up to the stele of Baal, and he showed him from there a part of the people.

23 And Balaam said to Balak, “Build for me here seven altars^d, and prepare for me here seven calves and seven rams.” ²And Balak did in the manner Balaam told him, and Balak and Balaam offered up a calf and a ram on the altar^d. ³And Balaam said to Balak, “Stand beside your sacrifice, ^ebut as for me^e I will go, if God will appear to me in a meeting. And whatever word he shows me I will report to you.” And Balak stood beside his sacrifice, and Balaam went to inquire of God, and he went straight ahead.

4 And God appeared to Balaam, and Balaam said to him, “I prepared the seven altars^a, and I brought up a calf and a ram on the altar^a.” ⁵And God put a word into Balaam’s mouth and said, “When you return to Balak, thus you shall speak.” ⁶And he returned to him, and the latter stood over his whole burnt offerings, and all the rulers of Moab with him. ⁷And a divine spirit was upon him. ⁽⁷⁾And he took up his parable and said:

“Out of Mesopotamia Balak sent for me,
Moab’s king from mountains on the east,
         saying:

‘Come, curse Iakob for me,
and come, call down curses upon Israel
         for me!’

⁸ How shall I curse whom the Lord does not
         curse?

Or how shall I call down curses on whom
God does not call down curses?

⁹ For from a top of mountains I shall see him,
and from hills I shall observe him.

Behold, a people shall dwell alone
and shall not be reckoned among
         nations!

¹⁰ Who has accurately counted the offspring of
         Iakob,
and who shall number Israel’s divisions?

May my soul die among souls of righteous
         ones,

and may my offspring be as their
offspring!”

11 And Balak said to Balaam, “What have you done to me? For cursing my enemies have I called you—and behold, you have blessed them with a blessing.” ¹²And Balaam said to Balak, “No, as much as God puts into my mouth, shall I beware of speaking it?”

13 And Balak said to him, “Come yet with me to another place, from there where you shall not see it^b; rather, some part of it^b you shall see, but all you shall not see. And curse it for me from there.” ¹⁴And he took him to a lookout place of a field, on the top of Hewn^c. And he built there seven altars^a and brought up a calf and a ram on the altar^a. ¹⁵And Balaam said to Balak, “Stand beside your sacrifice, but I will go to inquire of God.” ¹⁶And God met with Balaam, and he put a word into his mouth and said, “Turn back to Balak, and this is what you shall speak.” ¹⁷And he turned back to him, and the latter stood beside his whole burnt offering, and all the rulers of Moab with him. And Balak said to him, “What did the Lord speak?” ¹⁸And he took up his parable and said,

“Rise up, Balak, and hear;
give ear as a witness, O son of Sepphor:

¹⁹ God is not to be put upon like man,
nor is he to be threatened like a son of
         man.

When he himself has said, shall he not do?
Shall he speak and not make good?

²⁰ Behold, I have been taken hold of to bless;
I will bless, and I will not turn away.

²¹ There shall be no trouble in Iakob,
nor shall hardship be seen in Israel.

The Lord his God is with him;
the glories of rulers are in him.

²² God was the one who brought them out of
         Egypt;
like a unicorn’s glory he was to him.

²³ For there is no omen in Iakob
nor divination in Israel;

opportunely it shall be told to Iakob and to
         Israel
what God shall accomplish.

²⁴ Behold, a people shall rise up like a whelp
and shall bear itself proudly like a lion!

It will not lie down until it eats prey
and will drink blood of mortally
         wounded.”

25 And Balak said to Balaam, “You shall neither curse them with curses for me, nor, when blessing, shall you bless them.” ²⁶And Balaam answered and said to Balak, “Did I not speak to you, saying ‘The word that God speaks, this I shall do’?”

27 And Balak said to Balaam, “Come, let me take you to another place, if it shall please God, and curse it^b for me from there.” ²⁸And Balak took Balaam to the top of Phogor, which extends into the wilderness. ²⁹And Balaam said to Balak, “Build for me here seven altars^a, and prepare for me here seven calves and seven rams.” ³⁰And Balak did just as Balaam told him, and he offered a calf and a ram on the altar^a.

24 And when Balaam saw that it was good before the Lord to bless Israel, he did not go, according to his custom, to meet the omens but turned his face toward the wilderness. ²And when Balaam raised his eyes, he looked down upon Israel encamped tribe by tribe. And a divine spirit came upon him, ³and he took up his parable and said:

“Says Balaam son of Beor;
says the man who truly sees.

⁴ Says one who hears divine oracles,
who saw a divine vision,
in sleep when his eyes had been
         uncovered:

⁵ How beautiful are your dwellings, O Iakob,
your tents, O Israel!

⁶ Like wooded valleys giving shade
and like orchards by rivers

and like tents that the Lord pitched,
like cedar trees beside waters.

⁷ A person will come forth from his offspring,
and he shall rule over many nations,

and reign of him shall be exalted beyond
         Gog,
and his reign shall be increased.

⁸ A god guided him out of Egypt;
like a unicorn’s glory he was to him.

He shall devour his enemies’ nations
and de-marrow their stoutness^a

and shall shoot down an enemy with his
missiles.

⁹ He lay down and rested like a lion and like
         a whelp.
Who will raise him up?

Blessed are those who bless you,
and cursed are those who curse you.”

10 And Balak became infuriated with Balaam, and he clapped his hands together. And Balak said to Balaam, “I have summoned you to curse my enemy, and behold, in blessing you have blessed him this third time. ¹¹Now then be off to your place! I said, ‘I will honor you,’ but now the Lord has deprived you of glory.” ¹²And Balaam said to Balak, “No, even to your messengers whom you sent to me I spoke, saying, ¹³‘If Balak gives me his house full of silver and gold, I will not be able to transgress the word of the Lord to do it, bad or good, of my own accord; whatever God says, that I will speak.’ ¹⁴And now, behold, I am going off to my place; come, let me advise you what this people will do to your people at the end of days.”

15 And he took up his parable and said:

“Says Balaam son of Beor;
says the man who truly sees,

¹⁶ one who hears divine oracles,
one who understands knowledge of the
         Most High

and one who sees a divine vision,
in sleep when his eyes had been
         uncovered:

¹⁷ I will point to him, and not now;
I deem him happy, but he is not at
         hand.

A star shall dawn out of Iakob,
and a person shall rise up out of Israel,

and he shall crush the chiefs of Moab,
and he shall plunder all Seth’s sons.

¹⁸ And Edom will be an inheritance,
and Esau, his enemy, will be an
         inheritance,
and Israel acted with strength.

¹⁹ And one shall arise out of Iakob,
and he shall destroy one being saved
         from a city.”

20 And when he saw Amalek and took up his parable, he said:

“Rule of nations is Amalek,

but their offspring will perish.”

21 And when he saw the Kenite^b and took up his parable, he said:

“Strong is your dwelling place;
even if you set your nest in a rock,

²² even if a nest of cleverness accrues to Beor,
Assyrians shall take you away captive.”

23 And when he saw Og and took up his parable, he said:

“Alas, alas, who shall live when God ordains
         these things?

²⁴ And one shall go forth from the hand of
         Kitieans,

and they shall harm Assour, and they shall
         harm Ebreans,
and they too shall perish together.”

25 And Balaam got up and went away as he returned to his place; Balak too went home.

25 And Israel stayed in Sattim, and the people were profaned by whoring after the daughters of Moab. ²And they invited them to the sacrifices of their idols, and the people ate of their sacrifices and did obeisance to their idols. ³And Israel was initiated to Beel-Phegor, and the Lord was angry with wrath against Israel. ⁴And the Lord said to Moyses, “Take the chiefs of the people, and make an example of them to the Lord before the sun, and the anger of the Lord’s wrath shall be turned away from Israel.” ⁵And Moyses said to the tribes of Israel, “Each of you kill his family-member who has been initiated to Beel-Phegor.”

6 And behold, a man of the sons of Israel came and brought his brother to the Madianite woman before Moyses and before all the congregation of Israel’s sons, but they were weeping at the door of the tent of witness. ⁷And when Phinees son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest saw it, he arose from the midst of the congregation. And he took a barbed lance in his hand, ⁸and he went in after the Israelite man into the alcove and pierced both of them, both the Israelite man and the woman through her womb. And the blow^c stopped from Israel’s sons. ⁹And those that died in the blow^c were twenty-four thousand.

10 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying, ¹¹“Phinees son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest has put a stop to my wrath from Israel’s sons when I was jealous with jealousy among them, and I did not utterly destroy the sons of Israel in my jealousy. ¹²Thus I said, ‘Behold, I am giving him a covenant of peace. ¹³And there shall be for him and for his offspring after him an everlasting covenant of priesthood, because he was zealous for his God and made atonement for the sons of Israel.’”

14 Now the name of the slain Israelite man who was slain together with the Madianite woman was Zambri son of Salo, ruler of a paternal house of those of Symeon. ¹⁵And the name of the Madianite woman who was slain was Chasbi daughter of Sour, ruler of the nation of Ommoth; he^d was of a paternal house of those of Madian.

16 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying, “Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ¹⁷‘Be at enmity with the Madieneans, and strike them. ¹⁸For they are at enmity with you in deceitfulness, as much as they deceived you on account of Phogor and on account of Chasbi daughter of a ruler of Madian, their sister, who was slain on the day of the blow^c on account of Phogor.’”

26 And it came to pass after the blow^c that the Lord spoke to Moyses and to Eleazar the priest, saying, ²“Take the sum total of the whole congregation of the Israelites, from twenty years and above, according to their paternal houses—everyone who goes out to do battle in Israel.” ³And Moyses and Eleazar the priest spoke with them in Araboth of Moab near the Jordan opposite Iericho, saying, ⁴“From twenty years old and above,” in the manner that the Lord instructed Moyses.

And the sons of Israel who came out of Egypt were:

5 Rouben, firstborn of Israel. Now Rouben’s sons: Henoch and a division of Henoch; to Phallou, a division of Phalloui; ⁶to Hasron, a division of Hasroni; to Charmi, a division of Charmi. ⁷These are divisions of Rouben and their enrollment was forty-three thousand and seven hundred and thirty. ⁸And sons of Phallou: Eliab. ⁹And sons of Eliab: Namouel and Dathan and Abiron. These were designated ones of the congregation; these were those who banded together against Moyses and Aaron in the gathering of Kore, in the insurrection against the Lord. ¹⁰And the earth opened its mouth and swallowed up them and Kore in the death of his gathering, when the fire devoured the two hundred and fifty, and they became for a sign. ¹¹But the sons of Kore did not die.

12 And the sons of Symeon—the division of the sons of Symeon: to Namouel, the Namoueli division; to Iamin, the Iamini division; to Iachin, the Iachini division; ¹³to Zara, the Zarai division; to Saoul, the Saouli division. ¹⁴These are divisions of Symeon from their enrollment: twenty-two thousand and two hundred.

15(19) Now Ioudas’ sons: Er and Aunan, and Er and Aunan died in the land of Chanaan. ¹⁶⁽²⁰⁾Now the sons of Ioudas according to their divisions: to Selon, the Seloni division; to Phares, the Pharesi division; to Zara, the Zarai division. ¹⁷⁽²¹⁾And Phares’ sons: to Hasron, the Hasroni division; to Iamouel, the Iamoueli division. ¹⁸⁽²²⁾These are divisions for Ioudas according to their enrollment: seventy-six thousand and five hundred.

19(23) And Issachar’s sons according to their divisions: to Thola, the Tholai division; to Phoua, the Phouai division; ²⁰⁽²⁴⁾to Iasoub, the Iasoubi division; to Samram, the Samrani division. ²¹⁽²⁵⁾These are divisions of Issachar from their enrollment: sixty-four thousand and three hundred.

22(26) Zaboulon’s sons according to their divisions: to Sared, the Saredi division; to Allon, the Alloni division; to Allel, the Alleli division. ²³⁽²⁷⁾These are divisions of Zaboulon from their enrollment: sixty thousand and five hundred.

24(15) The sons of Gad according to their divisions: to Zaphon, the Zaphoni division; to Haggi, the Haggi division; to Souni, the Souni division; ²⁵⁽¹⁶⁾to Azeni, the Azeni division; to Addi, the Addi division; ²⁶⁽¹⁷⁾to Aroadi, the Aroadi division; to Ariel, the Arieli division. ²⁷⁽¹⁸⁾These are divisions of Gad’s sons from their enrollment: forty thousand and five hundred.

28(44) Aser’s sons according to their divisions: to Iamin, the Iamini division; to Iesoui, the Iesoui division; to Baria, the Bariai division; ²⁹⁽⁴⁵⁾to Chober, the Choberi division; to Melchiel, the Melchieli division. ³⁰⁽⁴⁶⁾And the name of Asher’s daughter: Sara. ³¹⁽⁴⁷⁾These are divisions of Aser from their enrollment: fifty-three thousand and four hundred.

32(28) Ioseph’s sons according to their divisions: Manasse and Ephraim. ³³⁽²⁹⁾Manasse’s sons: to Machir, the Machiri division, and Machir was the father of Galaad; to Galaad, the Galaadi division. ³⁴⁽³⁰⁾And these are Galaad’s sons: to Achiezer, the Achiezeri division; to Chelek, the Cheleki division; ³⁵⁽³¹⁾to Esriel, the Esrieli division; to Sychem, the Sychemi division; ³⁶⁽³²⁾to Symaer, the Symaeri division, and to Hopher, the Hopheri division. ³⁷⁽³³⁾And to Salpaad son of Hopher there were no sons to him but daughters, and these are the names of the daughters of Salpaad: Maala and Noua and Hegla and Melcha and Thersa. ³⁸⁽³⁴⁾These are divisions of Manasse from their enrollment: fifty-two thousand and seven hundred.

39(35) And these are Ephraim’s sons: to Soutala, the Soutalai division; to Tanach, the Tanachi division. ⁴⁰⁽³⁶⁾These are the sons of Soutala: to Eden, the Edeni division. ⁴¹⁽³⁷⁾These are divisions of Ephraim from their enrollment: thirty-two thousand and five hundred. These are divisions of Ioseph’s sons according to their divisions.

42(38) Beniamin’s sons according to their divisions: to Bale, the Balei division; to Asyber, the Asyberi division; to Achiran, the Achirani division; ⁴³⁽³⁹⁾to Sophan, the Sophani division. ⁴⁴⁽⁴⁰⁾And the sons of Bale were Adar and Noeman: to Noeman, the Noemani division. ⁴⁵⁽⁴¹⁾These are Beniamin’s sons according to their divisions from their enrollment: forty-five thousand and six hundred.

46(42) And Dan’s sons according to their divisions: to Sami, the Sami division. These are divisions of Dan according to their divisions. ⁴⁷⁽⁴³⁾All the divisions of Sami according to their enrollment: sixty-four thousand and four hundred.

48 The sons of Nephtali according to their divisions: to Asiel, the Asieli division; to Gauni, the Gauni division; ⁴⁹to Ieser, the Ieseri division; to Sellem, the Sellemi division. ⁵⁰These are divisions of Nephtali from their enrollment: forty-five thousand and four hundred.

51 This is the enrollment of Israel’s sons: six hundred and one thousand and seven hundred and thirty.

52 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ⁵³To these the land shall be apportioned in order to inherit, based on number of names. ⁵⁴To more you shall increase the inheritance, and to less you shall decrease their inheritance; to each one, as they were enrolled, their inheritance shall be given. ⁵⁵The land shall be apportioned by lots. By the names, according to their paternal tribes, they shall inherit. ⁵⁶Based on the lot, you shall apportion their inheritance by between many and few.

57 And Leui’s sons according to their divisions: to Gedson, the Gedsoni division; to Kaath, the Kaathi division; to Merari, the Merari division. ⁵⁸These are divisions of Leui’s sons: the Lobeni division, the Chebroni division, the Kore division and the Mousi division. And Kaath fathered Amram. ⁵⁹And the name of the wife of Amram was Iochabed daughter of Leui, who bore these to Leui in Egypt, and she bore to Amram: Aaron and Moyses and Mariam their sister. ⁶⁰And to Aaron were born both Nadab and Abioud and Eleazar and Ithamar. ⁶¹And Nadab and Abioud died when they offered strange fire before the Lord in the wilderness of Sina. ⁶²And there were from their enrollment twenty-three thousand, every male from a month old and above; for they were not enrolled in the midst of Israel’s sons, because no allotment is given to them in the midst of Israel’s sons.

63 And this is the enrollment of Moyses and Eleazar the priest, who enrolled the sons of Israel in Araboth of Moab near the Jordan opposite Iericho. ⁶⁴And among these there was not a person of those enrolled by Moyses and Aaron whom—the sons of Israel—they enrolled in the wilderness of Sina. ⁶⁵For the Lord said to them, “They shall die by death in the wilderness.” And there was not left even one of them, except for Chaleb son of Iephonne and Iesous son of Naue.

27 And when the daughters of Salpaad son of Hopher son of Galaad son of Machir of the division of Manasse of the sons of Ioseph came forward—and these were their names: Maala and Noua and Hegla and Melcha and Thersa—²and when they stood before Moyses and before Eleazar the priest and before the rulers and before all the congregation, at the door of the tent of witness, they said, ³“Our father died in the wilderness, and he was not in the midst of the gathering that conspired against the Lord in the gathering of Kore, for he died for his sin, and he had no sons. ⁴Let the name of our father not be wiped out from the midst of his division because he had no son. Give to us a possession in the midst of our father’s brothers.”

5 And Moyses brought their case before the Lord. ⁶And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ⁷Salpaad’s daughters have spoken correctly. You shall give to them as a gift a possession of inheritance in the midst of their father’s brothers, and you shall confer the allotment of their father on them. ⁸And you shall speak to the sons of Israel, saying, “If a person dies, and he has no son, you shall confer his inheritance on his daughter. ⁹Now if he has no daughter, you shall give the inheritance to his brother. ¹⁰Now if he has no brothers, you shall give the inheritance to his father’s brother. ¹¹Now if there are no brothers of his father, you shall give the inheritance to his nearest relative from his tribe; he shall inherit what is his. And this shall be for the sons of Israel a requirement of judgment, just as the Lord instructed Moyses.”

12 And the Lord said to Moyses, “Go up into the mountain that is on the other side (this Mount Nabau), and see the land Chanaan, which I am giving to the sons of Israel for a possession. ¹³And you shall see it, and you too shall be added to your people, just as your brother Aaron was added in Hor the mountain, ¹⁴because you transgressed my word in the wilderness of Sin, when the congregation resisted to sanctify me. You did not sanctify me at the water before them.” (This is water of dispute of Kades in the wilderness of Sin.) ¹⁵And Moyses said to the Lord, ¹⁶“Let the Lord, the God of the spirits and of all flesh, consider a person over this congregation, ¹⁷who shall go out before them and who shall come in before them and who shall bring them out and who shall bring them in, and the congregation of the Lord shall not be like sheep that have no shepherd.” ¹⁸And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying, “Take to yourself Iesous son of Naue, a person who has a spirit in him, and you shall lay your hands upon him, ¹⁹and you shall have him stand before Eleazar the priest, and you shall command him before all the congregation, and you shall give authorization concerning him before them. ²⁰And you shall give over some of your glory upon him so that the sons of Israel may listen to him. ²¹And before Eleazar the priest he shall stand, and they shall inquire of him^a the decision of the ^bclear ones^b before the Lord. At his mouth they shall go out, and at his mouth they shall come in, he and all the sons of Israel of one accord and all the congregation.” ²²And Moyses did just as the Lord commanded him. And he took Iesous and had him stand before Eleazar the priest and before all the congregation, ²³and he laid his hands upon him and introduced him—just as the Lord instructed Moyses.

28 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²Command the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them, saying: My gifts, my presents, my offerings as an odor of fragrance you shall take heed to offer to me at my feasts. ³And you shall say to them, These are the offerings, as many as you shall bring to the Lord: two lambs, a year old without blemish, daily, as a whole burnt offering, perpetually. ⁴The one lamb you shall do in the morning, and the second lamb you shall do towards evening, ⁵and you shall do a tenth of an oiphi^c, fine flour for a sacrifice, mixed with oil, with a fourth of a hin^d. ⁶It is a whole burnt offering of perpetuity, the sacrifice^e that was done at Mount Sina, as an odor of fragrance to the Lord. ⁷And its libation, a fourth of a hin^d for the one lamb, you shall pour it out, in the holy place, as a libation, sikera^f to the Lord. ⁸And the second lamb you shall do towards evening. According to its sacrifice and according to its libation you shall do it as an odor of fragrance to the Lord.

9 And on the day of the sabbaths you shall bring forward two lambs, a year old without blemish, and two tenths of fine flour mixed with oil, for a sacrifice and a libation—¹⁰it is a whole burnt offering of sabbaths on the sabbaths, apart from the continual whole burnt offering and its libation.

11 And at the new moons you shall bring forward whole burnt offerings to the Lord: two calves of the cattle and one ram, seven lambs, a year old without blemish, ¹²three-tenths of fine flour mixed in oil for the one bull calf and two-tenths of fine flour mixed with oil for the one ram, ¹³a tenth, a tenth of fine flour mixed with oil for the one lamb, as a sacrifice, an odor of fragrance, an offering to the Lord. ¹⁴Their libation shall be half a hin^a for the one bull calf and the third of a hin^a for the one ram and the fourth of a hin^a of wine for the one lamb. This is the whole burnt offering month after month up to the months of the year ¹⁵—and one male goat from the goats for sin to the Lord—on top of the continual whole burnt offering it shall be done, and its libation.

16 And in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, it is pascha to the Lord. ¹⁷And on the fifteenth day of this month is a feast; seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. ¹⁸And the first day shall be designated, holy for you. You shall not do any work of service. ¹⁹And you shall bring whole burnt offerings as an offering to the Lord: two calves from the cattle, one ram, seven lambs, a year old; they shall be to you without blemish. ²⁰And their sacrifice shall be fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths for the one bull calf, and you shall do two-tenths for the one ram; ²¹a tenth, a tenth you shall do for the one lamb, for the seven lambs, ²²and one male goat from the goats for sin, to make atonement for you, ²³apart from the continual whole burnt offering of the morning, which is a whole burnt offering of perpetuity. ²⁴These you shall do daily, in the same way, for the seven days as a gift, an offering as an odor of fragrance to the Lord. On top of the continual whole burnt offering you shall do its libation. ²⁵And the seventh day shall be designated, holy for you. You shall not do any work of service in it.

26 And on the day of the new things^b when you offer a new sacrifice to the Lord, of^c the weeks—it shall be designated, holy to you. You shall not do any work of service. ²⁷And you shall bring forward whole burnt offerings, as an odor of fragrance to the Lord: two calves from the herd, one ram, seven lambs, a year old without blemish. ²⁸Their sacrifice: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths for the one bull calf and two-tenths for the one ram, ²⁹a tenth, a tenth for the one lamb, for the seven lambs—³⁰and one male goat from the goats for sin, to make atonement for you, ³¹apart from the continual whole burnt offering. And you shall do their sacrifice to me. They shall be to you without blemish—and their libations.

29 And in the seventh month, on the first of the month, there shall be a designated, holy one^d for you; you shall not do any work of service. It shall be for you a day of giving signals, ²and you shall do whole burnt offerings, as an odor of fragrance to the Lord: one bull calf of the cattle, one ram, seven lambs, a year old without blemish. ³Their sacrifice: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths for the one bull calf and two-tenths for the one ram, ⁴a tenth, a tenth for each lamb for the seven lambs—⁵and one male goat from the goats for sin, to make atonement for you. ⁶Apart from the whole burnt offerings of the new moon and their sacrifices and their libations and the continual whole burnt offering and their sacrifices and their libations according to their interpretation, as an odor of fragrance to the Lord.

7 And on the tenth of this^e month there shall be a designated, holy one^d for you, and you shall afflict your souls, and you shall not do any work. ⁸And you shall bring forward whole burnt offerings as an odor of fragrance, offerings to the Lord: one bull calf from the cattle, one ram, seven lambs of a year old. They shall be for you without blemish. ⁹Their sacrifice: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths for the one bull calf and two-tenths for the one ram, ¹⁰a tenth, a tenth for the one lamb, for the seven lambs—¹¹and one male goat from the goats for sin to make atonement for you. But the one for sin for atonement and the continual whole burnt offering, its sacrifice and its libation ^fshall be^f according to interpretation, as an odor of fragrance, an offering to the Lord.

12 And on the fifteenth day of this seventh month there shall be a designated, holy one^d for you. You shall not do any work of service, and you shall celebrate it as a feast to the Lord seven days. ¹³And you shall bring forward whole burnt offerings, an offering as an odor of fragrance to the Lord. On the first day: thirteen calves from the cattle, two rams, fourteen lambs, a year old. They shall be without blemish. ¹⁴Their sacrifices: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths for the one bull calf, for the thirteen calves, and two-tenths for the one ram, for the two rams, ¹⁵a tenth, a tenth for the one lamb, for the fourteen lambs—¹⁶and one male goat from the goats for sin, apart from the continual whole burnt offering, their sacrifices and their libations.

17 On the second day: twelve calves, two rams, fourteen lambs, a year old without blemish. ¹⁸Their sacrifice and their libation shall be for the bull calves and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their interpretation—¹⁹and one male goat from the goats for sin, apart from the continual whole burnt offering, their sacrifices and their libations.

20 On the third day: eleven calves, two rams, fourteen lambs, a year old without blemish. ²¹Their sacrifice and their libation shall be for the bull calves and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their interpretation—²²and one male goat from the goats for sin, apart from the continual whole burnt offering, their sacrifices and their libations.

23 On the fourth day: ten calves, two rams, fourteen lambs, a year old without blemish. ²⁴Their sacrifices and their libations shall be for the bull calves and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their interpretation—²⁵and one male goat from the goats for sin, apart from the continual whole burnt offering, their sacrifices and their libations.

26 On the fifth day: nine calves, two rams, fourteen lambs, a year old without blemish. ²⁷Their sacrifices and their libations shall be for the bull calves and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their interpretation—²⁸and one male goat from the goats for sin, apart from the continual whole burnt offering, their sacrifices and their libations.

29 On the sixth day: eight calves, two rams, fourteen lambs, a year old without blemish. ³⁰Their sacrifices and their libations shall be for the bull calves and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their interpretation—³¹and one male goat from the goats for sin, apart from the continual whole burnt offering, their sacrifices and their libations.

32 On the seventh day: seven calves, two rams, fourteen lambs, a year old without blemish. ³³Their sacrifices and their libations shall be for the bull calves and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their interpretation—³⁴and one male goat from the goats for sin, apart from the continual whole burnt offering, their sacrifices and their libations.

35 And on the eighth day there shall be for you a finale^a. You shall not do any work of service on it. ³⁶And you shall bring forward whole burnt offerings as an odor of fragrance, an offering to the Lord: one bull calf, one ram, seven lambs, a year old without blemish. ³⁷Their sacrifices and their libations shall be for the bull calf and for the ram and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their interpretation—³⁸and one male goat from the goats for sin, apart from the continual burnt, their sacrifices and their libations.

39 These you shall do for the Lord at your feasts, apart from your vows and your freewill gifts and your whole burnt offerings and your sacrifices and your libations and your gifts for deliverance.

30 ^(29.40)And Moyses spoke to the sons of Israel according to everything that the Lord commanded Moyses.

2(30.1) And Moyses spoke to the rulers of the tribes of Israel, saying: This is the word that the Lord ordered: ^3(2)bPerson by person^b—if he vows a vow to the Lord or swears an oath or determines for himself with determination about his soul, he shall not profane his word; everything that proceeds out of his mouth he shall do.

4(3) Now if a woman vows a vow to the Lord or determines for herself a determination in her father’s house in her youth ⁵⁽⁴⁾and if her father hears of her vows and her determinations that she determined against her soul and her father makes no mention to her, then all her vows shall stand, and her determinations that she determined against her soul shall remain for her. ⁶⁽⁵⁾But if her father in withholding consent withholds consent from her on the day when he hears of all her vows and the determinations that she determined against her soul, they shall not stand, and the Lord will clear her, because her father withheld consent.

7(6) But if, when she grows up, she becomes a man’s and her vows are upon her according to the parting of her lips, ^cas many things as^c she determined for herself against her soul ⁸⁽⁷⁾and if her husband hears and says nothing to her on the day when he hears, then thereby all her vows shall stand, and her determinations that she determined for herself against her soul—they shall stand. ⁹⁽⁸⁾But if her husband in withholding consent withholds consent from her on the day when he hears, all her vows and her determinations that she determined for herself against her soul shall not remain, because her husband withheld consent from her, and the Lord will clear her. ¹⁰⁽⁹⁾And a vow of a widow and of one cast out^d, whatever things she vows against her soul, shall remain for her. ¹¹⁽¹⁰⁾And if her vow was in her husband’s house or her determination against her soul was^e with an oath ¹²⁽¹¹⁾and if her husband hears and says nothing to her and does not withhold consent to her, then all her vows shall stand, and all her determinations which she determined for herself against her soul—they shall stand regarding her. ¹³⁽¹²⁾But if her husband in canceling cancels them on the day when he hears, all the things that proceed out of her lips regarding her vows and regarding her determination that are against her soul shall not remain for her. Her husband canceled them, and the Lord will clear her. ¹⁴⁽¹³⁾Every vow and every oath for binding, to afflict the soul, her husband shall establish for her, and her husband shall cancel. ¹⁵⁽¹⁴⁾But if her husband is silent and says nothing to her from day to day, then he shall establish for her all her vows, and he shall establish for her the determinations that are upon her, because he kept silent to her on the day when he heard. ¹⁶⁽¹⁵⁾But if in canceling he cancels after the day that he heard, then he shall bear his sin.

17(16) These are the statutes, as many as the Lord commanded Moyses, between a man and his wife and between a father and his daughter in youth, in her father’s house.

31 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying, ²“Exact the vengeance of the sons of Israel from the Madianites, and at last you shall be added to your people.” ³And Moyses spoke to the people, saying, “Fully arm men from you to do battle before the Lord against Madian, to requite vengeance on Madian from the Lord. ⁴Send ^fa thousand from a tribe by a thousand from a tribe^f from all the tribes of Israel to do battle.” ⁵And they numbered from the thousands of Israel, a thousand from a tribe, twelve thousand armed for battle. ⁶And Moyses sent them off, ^fa thousand from a tribe by a thousand from a tribe^f, with their force, and Phinees son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest. And the holy vessels and the signal trumpets were in their hands. ⁷And they did battle against Madian, just as the Lord had commanded Moyses, and they killed every male. ⁸And the kings of Madian they killed together with their slain: even Euis and Sour and Rokom and Hour and Robok, five kings of Madian. And Balaam son of Beor they killed with a sword together with their slain. ⁹And the Israelites plundered the women of Madian and their chattel and their cattle and all their possessions, and they plundered their army. ¹⁰And all their cities, those in their settlements, and their quarters, they burned with fire. ¹¹And they took all the plunder and all their spoils, from human to animal. ¹²And they brought to Moyses and to Eleazar the priest and to all of Israel’s sons the body of captives and the spoils and the plunder to the camp, to Araboth of Moab, which is at the Jordan opposite Iericho.

13 And Moyses went out, and Eleazar the priest and all the rulers of the congregation, to meet them outside the camp. ¹⁴And Moyses was angry with the overseers of the force, with the officers of thousands and with the officers of hundreds, who had come from the battle line of the war. ¹⁵And Moyses said to them, “Why did you take every female alive? ¹⁶For these were for the sons of Israel, according to the word of Balaam, for the purpose of removing and despising the word of the Lord, on account of Phogor, and there was the blow^a in the congregation of the Lord. ¹⁷And now, kill every male among all the chattel, and kill every woman, whoever has known a male’s bed. ¹⁸And as for all the chattel of the women, whoever has not known a male’s bed, capture them alive. ¹⁹And as for you, encamp outside the camp seven days; everyone who kills and who touches the wounded person shall be purified on the third day and on the seventh day, you and your body of captives. ²⁰And you shall purify every garment and every article of skin and every artifact of goatskin and every wooden article.”

21 And Eleazar the priest said to the men of the force, who were coming from the battle line of the war, “This is the requirement of the law that the Lord instructed to Moyses: ²²Apart from the gold and the silver and bronze and iron and lead and tin, ²³every object that shall pass through in fire shall also be cleansed. Nevertheless, it shall be purified with the water for purification, and whatever things do not go through fire shall pass through water. ²⁴And you shall wash your clothes on the seventh day, and you shall be cleansed, and afterwards you shall come into the camp.”

25 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying, ²⁶“Take the sum total of the spoils of the captivity, from human to animal, you and Eleazar the priest and the rulers of the paternal families of the congregation. ²⁷And you shall divide the spoils between the warriors who went out into the battle line and between all the congregation. ²⁸And you shall remove as a levy to the Lord, from the men, the warriors who went out into the battle line, one soul out of five hundred from the humans and from the animals and from the cattle and from the sheep and from the donkeys. ²⁹And you shall take from their half, and you shall give Eleazar the priest the first fruits of the Lord. ³⁰And from the half of the sons of Israel you shall take one out of fifty, from the humans and from the cattle and from the sheep and from the donkeys and from all the animals, and you shall give them to the Leuites who keep the guard duties in the tent of the Lord.”

31 And Moyses and Eleazar the priest did just as the Lord instructed Moyses.

32 And the abundance of the plunder that the warriors had plundered was: of the sheep six hundred and seventy-five thousand, ³³and cattle, seventy-two thousand, ³⁴and donkeys, sixty-one thousand, ³⁵and human souls of the women who did not know a man’s bed, all souls thirty-two thousand.

36 And the halved part, the portion of those who went out to war was: from the number of the sheep, three hundred and thirty-seven thousand and five hundred, ³⁷and the levy to the Lord was: from the sheep, six hundred and seventy-five, ³⁸and cattle, thirty-six thousand, and the levy to the Lord, seventy-two, ³⁹and donkeys, thirty thousand and five hundred, and the levy to the Lord, sixty-one, ⁴⁰and human souls, sixteen thousand, and their levy to the Lord, thirty-two souls. ⁴¹And Moyses gave the levy to the Lord, the advance deduction of God to Eleazar the priest, just as the Lord instructed Moyses, ⁴²from the halved part of the sons of Israel, which Moyses separated from the warriors.

43 And the halved part of the congregation: from the sheep was three hundred and thirty-seven thousand and five hundred, ⁴⁴and cattle, thirty-six thousand, ⁴⁵and donkeys, thirty thousand and five hundred, ⁴⁶and human souls, sixteen thousand. ⁴⁷And Moyses took from the halved part of the sons of Israel ^bthe one out of^b fifty, from the humans and from the animals, and he gave them to the Leuites who were keeping the guard duties of the tent of the Lord, in the manner that the Lord instructed Moyses.

48 And there came to Moyses all those in charge of the thousands of the force, officers of thousands and officers of hundreds, ⁴⁹and they said to Moyses, “Your servants have received the sum total of the warriors that are with us, and not even one of them is missing. ⁵⁰And we have brought forward the gift to the Lord, a man what golden object he found: an anklet^c and a bracelet and a ring and an armlet for the right arm and a hair-clasp, to make atonement for ourselves before the Lord.” ⁵¹And Moyses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from them, every wrought article. ⁵²And all the gold, the advance deduction that they removed for the Lord: sixteen thousand and seven hundred and fifty shekels from the officers of thousands and from the officers of hundreds. ⁵³(And the warriors had taken plunder, each one for himself.) ⁵⁴And Moyses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from the officers of thousands and from the officers of hundreds and brought them into the tent of witness as a memorial of the sons of Israel before the Lord.

32 And the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad had a multitude, a great multitude, of cattle. And they saw the country of Iazer and the country of Galaad and the place was a place for cattle. ²And when the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad came forward, they said to Moyses and to Eleazar the priest and to the rulers of the congregation, saying, ³“Ataroth and Daibon and Iazer and Nambra and Hesebon and Eleale and Sebama and Nabau and Baian—⁴the land that the Lord delivered before the sons of Israel—is cattle rearing land and your servants possess cattle.” ⁵And they were saying, “If we found favor before you, let this land be given to your domestics for a possession, and do not make us cross the Jordan.”

6 And Moyses said to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Rouben, “Shall your brothers go to war and you will sit here? ⁷And why are you perverting the minds of the sons of Israel not to cross over into the land that the Lord is giving to them? ⁸Did your fathers not do so, when I sent them from Kades Barne to observe the land? ⁹And they went up to Cluster Ravine and observed the land, and they turned aside the heart of the sons of Israel not to go into the land that the Lord gave them. ¹⁰And the Lord was angry with wrath on that day, and he swore, saying, ¹¹‘If these people who came up out of Egypt, from twenty years and above, who know evil and good, shall see the land that I swore to Abraam and Isaak and Iakob, for they have not followed along after me. ¹²On the other hand, there are Chaleb son of Iephonne, who had ^aseparated himself^a, and Iesous the son of Naue, for he followed along after the Lord.’ ¹³And the Lord was angry with wrath against Israel, and he made them roam about in the wilderness for forty years until the entire generation, those who were doing evil things before the Lord, was utterly consumed. ¹⁴Behold, you rose up in place of your fathers, as a band of sinful persons, to add further to the wrath of the Lord’s anger against Israel, ¹⁵because you will turn away from him to add further to abandon him in the wilderness, and you will act lawlessly against this whole congregation.”

16 And they came forward to him and kept saying, “Let us build quarters for sheep here, for our animals and cities, for our chattels, ¹⁷and, having taken up arms, let us be a vanguard ahead of the sons of Israel until we bring them to their place. And our chattel will settle in walled cities, because of those that inhabit the land. ¹⁸We will not turn back to our homes until all the sons of Israel have been apportioned, each one to his inheritance. ¹⁹And let us no longer inherit among them from the other side of the Jordan and beyond, because we have our allotments on the other side of the Jordan in the east.”

20 And Moyses said to them, “If you do according to this word—if you arm yourselves before the Lord for war, ²¹then every armed soldier of you shall pass the Jordan before the Lord until his enemy is wiped out from before him ²²and the land is dominated before the Lord. And after this you shall turn back, and you shall be innocent before the Lord and from Israel, and this land shall be to you as a possession before the Lord. ²³But if you will not do so, you will sin against the Lord, and you will know your sin when misfortunes overtake you. ²⁴And you shall build for yourselves cities for your chattel and quarters for your animals, and what proceeds from your mouth, you shall do.”

25 And the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad said to Moyses, saying, “Your servants will do just as our lord commands. ²⁶And our chattel and our wives and all our animals shall be in the cities of Galaad, ²⁷but your servants will pass by, all armed and arrayed before the Lord for the war, just as ^bour lord^b says.”

28 And Moyses brought together Eleazar the priest and Iesous son of Naue and the rulers of the patriarchal tribes of Israel. ²⁹And Moyses said to them, “If the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad cross over the Jordan with you—everyone armed for war before the Lord—and you gain control of the land before you, then you shall give them the land of Galaad as a possession, ³⁰but if they do not cross over with you armed for the war before the Lord, then you shall carry over their chattel and their wives and their animals, ahead of you into the land of Chanaan. And they shall inherit together among you in the land of Chanaan.” ³¹And the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad answered, saying, “Whatever ^bour lord^b says to his attendants, so we will do. ³²As for us, we will cross over, armed before the Lord, into the land of Chanaan, and you shall give to us the possession on the other side of the Jordan.”

33 And Moyses gave to them—to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Rouben and to the half-tribe of Manasse of Ioseph’s sons—the kingdom of Seon king of the Amorrites and the kingdom of Og king of Basan, the land and the cities, together with its borders, cities of the land round about. ³⁴And the sons of Gad built Daibon and Ataroth and Aroer ³⁵and Sophar and Iazer, and they raised them up, ³⁶and Nambra and Baitharan, strong cities and quarters for sheep. ³⁷And the sons of Rouben built Hesebon and Eleale and Kariathaim ^38cand Nabau^c and Beelmeon encircled and Sebama, and they named the names of the cities they built after their own names. ³⁹And a son of Machir son of Manasse went to Galaad and took it, and he destroyed the Amorrite who was living in it. ⁴⁰And Moyses gave Galaad to Machir son of Manasse, and he settled there. ⁴¹And Iair the son of Manasse went and took their homesteads^a and named them Iair’s Homesteads^a. ⁴²And Nabau went and took Kanath and its villages and named them Naboth after his name.

33 And these are stations of the sons of Israel as they went out of the land of Egypt together with their force by the hand of Moyses and Aaron. ²And Moyses wrote down their departures and their stations, through the word of the Lord, and these are stations of their journey. ³They set out from Ramesses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the day after the pascha the sons of Israel went out with a high hand before all the Egyptians, ⁴and the Egyptians were burying all those of them who had died, whom the Lord struck down, every firstborn in the land of Egypt. And among their gods the Lord executed vengeance.

5 And when the sons of Israel set out from Ramesses, they encamped at Sokchoth. ⁶And they set out from Sokchoth and encamped at Bouthan, which is some part of the wilderness. ⁷And they set out from Bouthan and encamped at Heiroth’s mouth, which is opposite Beelsepphon, and they encamped opposite Magdolos. ⁸And they set out from before Heiroth and crossed through the middle of the sea into the wilderness, and they went a journey of three days through the wilderness, and they encamped at Bitternesses. ⁹And they set out from Bitternesses and came to Ailim, and in Ailim there were twelve springs of water and seventy date palm trunks, and they encamped there beside the water. ¹⁰And they set out from Ailim and encamped by the Red Sea. ¹¹And they set out from the Red Sea and encamped in the wilderness of Sin. ¹²And they set out from the wilderness of Sin and encamped at Raphaka. ¹³And they set out from Raphaka and encamped in Ailous. ¹⁴And they set out from Ailous and encamped in Raphidin, and there was no water for the people to drink there. ¹⁵And they set out from Raphidin and encamped in the wilderness of Sina. ¹⁶And they set out from the wilderness of Sina and encamped in Tombs of Craving. ¹⁷And they set out from Tombs of Craving and encamped in Haseroth. ¹⁸And they set out from Haseroth and encamped in Rathama. ¹⁹And they set out from Rathama and encamped in Remmon Phares. ²⁰And they set out from Remmon Phares and encamped in Lebona. ²¹And they set out from Lebona and encamped at Dessa. ²²And they set out from Dessa and encamped at Makelath. ²³And they set out from Makelath and encamped at Saphar. ²⁴And they set out from Saphar and encamped at Charadath. ²⁵And they set out from Charadath and encamped at Makeloth. ²⁶And they set out from Makeloth and encamped at Kataath. ²⁷And they set out from Kataath and encamped at Tarath. ²⁸And they set out from Tarath and encamped at Matekka. ²⁹And they set out from Matekka and encamped at Haselmona. ³⁰And they set out from Haselmona and encamped at Masourouth. ³¹And they set out from Masourouth and encamped at Banaiakan. ³²And they set out from Banaiakan and encamped at the mountain of Gadgad. ³³And they set out from the mountain of Gadgad and encamped at Etebatha. ³⁴And they set out from Etebatha and encamped at Ebrona. ³⁵And they set out from Ebrona and encamped at Gesion Gaber. ³⁶And they set out from Gesion Gaber and encamped in the wilderness of Sin. And they set out from the wilderness of Sin and encamped in the wilderness of Pharan; this is Kades. ³⁷And they set out from Kades and encamped at Hor, the mountain near the land of Edom.

38 And Aaron the priest went up by the ordinance of the Lord and died there in the fortieth year of the departure of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fifth month, on the first of the month. ³⁹And Aaron was a hundred and twenty-three years old when he died on Hor the mountain.

40 And Chananis, king of Arad (and he was living in the land of Chanaan), heard when the sons of Israel were coming in.

41 And they set out from Hor the mountain and encamped at Selmona. ⁴²And they set out from Selmona and encamped at Phino. ⁴³And they set out from Phino and encamped at Oboth. ⁴⁴And they set out from Oboth and encamped in Gai, on the other side, on the borders of Moab. ⁴⁵And they set out from Gai and encamped at Daibon Gad. ⁴⁶And they set out from Daibon Gad and encamped in Gelmon Deblathaim. ⁴⁷And they set out from Gelmon Deblathaim and encamped on the mountains of Abarim, opposite Nabau. ⁴⁸And they set out from the mountains of Abarim and encamped to the west of Moab by the Jordan opposite Iericho, ⁴⁹and they encamped by the Jordan between Haisimoth as far as Belsattim to the west of Moab.

50 And the Lord spoke to Moyses at the west of Moab by the Jordan opposite Iericho, saying: ⁵¹Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: As for you, you are crossing the Jordan into the land of Chanaan, ⁵²and you shall destroy all those who live in the land before you, and you shall remove their lookouts^b, and as for all their molten idols you shall destroy them, and all their steles you shall remove. ⁵³And you shall destroy the^c inhabitants of the land, and you shall settle in it, for to you I have given their land as an allotment. ⁵⁴And you shall obtain their land as a possession by lot according to your tribes; to the more numerous ones you shall increase their possession, and to the less numerous ones you shall decrease their possession. ^dTo what his name goes out there^d, his shall it be. According to your paternal tribes you shall inherit. ⁵⁵But if you do not destroy those living on the land from before you, then it shall be that whomever of them you leave shall be thorns in your eyes and missiles in your sides, and they shall act with hostility upon the land on which you will settle. ⁵⁶And it shall be, just as I had resolved to do to them, I will do to you.

34 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ²Command the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: As for you, you are entering into the land of Chanaan (this shall be to you for an inheritance, the land of Chanaan together with its borders). ³And the side that is to the southwest shall be for you from the wilderness of Sin as far as next to Edom, and the borders to the southwest shall be for you from the part of the Salt Sea on the east. ⁴And your borders shall go around you from the southwest to the ascent of Akrabin, and they shall pass along Senna, and its outlet shall be to the southwest of Kades of Barne, and it shall go out to the steading of Arad, and it shall pass along Asemona, ⁵and the borders shall go around from Asemona to the Wadi of Egypt, and the outlet shall be the Sea^a.

6 And the boundaries of the Sea shall be for you; the Great Sea shall determine the border. This shall be for you the boundaries of the Sea.

7 And this shall be the borders for you to the north: from the Great Sea you shall measure out for yourselves along ^bthe mountain, the mountain^b, ⁸and from ^bthe mountain, the mountain^b you shall measure for them^c, as they^d enter into Hemath, and its outlet shall be the borders of Sarada. ⁹And the borders shall go out to Dephrona, and its outlet shall be Hasernain; this shall be for you the borders from the north.

10 And you shall measure out for yourselves the borders of the east from Hasernain to Sepphama, ¹¹and the borders shall go down from Seppham to Harbela from the east to springs, and the borders shall go down from Bela at the wide expanse of the sea of Chenereth from the east, ¹²and the borders shall descend to the Jordan, and its outlet shall be the Salt Sea. This shall be the land for you, and its borders all around.

13 And Moyses commanded the sons of Israel, saying: This is the land that you shall obtain as a possession by lot, in the manner that the Lord instructed Moyses to give it to the nine tribes and to the half-tribe of Manasse. ¹⁴For Rouben’s sons’ tribe and Gad’s sons’ tribe received according to their paternal houses, and the half-tribe of Manasse accepted their allotments; ¹⁵two tribes and a half-tribe received their allotments beyond the Jordan opposite Iericho from the south, towards the east.

16 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ¹⁷These are the names of the men who shall inherit the land for you^e: the priest Eleazar and Iesous the son of Naue. ¹⁸And you shall take one ruler from a tribe to obtain for you the land as a possession. ¹⁹And these are the names of the men: Of the tribe of Ioudas, Chaleb son of Iephonne. ²⁰Of the tribe of Symeon, Salamiel son of Emioud. ²¹Of the tribe of Beniamin, Eldad son of Chaslon. ²²Of the tribe of Dan, a ruler, Bakchir son of Egli. ²³Of the sons of Ioseph: of Manasse’s sons’ tribe, a ruler, Haniel son of Ouphid, ²⁴of the tribe of Ephraim’s sons, a ruler, Kamouel son of Sabatha. ²⁵Of the tribe of Zaboulon, a ruler, Elisaphan son of Pharnach. ²⁶Of the tribe of Issachar’s sons, a ruler, Phaltiel son of Oza. ²⁷Of the tribe of Aser’s sons, a ruler, Achior son of Selemi. ²⁸Of the tribe of Nephtali, a ruler, Phadael son of Benamioud. ²⁹These are the ones whom the Lord commanded to make the distribution for the sons of Israel in the land of Chanaan.

35 And the Lord spoke to Moyses to the west of Moab, by the Jordan opposite Iericho, saying: ²Instruct the sons of Israel, and they shall give to the Leuites from the allotments of their possession cities to live in, and the suburbs^f of the cities around them they shall give to the Leuites—(³and the cities shall be for them to live in, and their areas set apart shall be for their cattle and for all their quadrupeds. ⁴And the areas adjoining the cities that you shall give to the Leuites shall be from the city wall and outwards, two thousand cubits all around. ⁵And you shall measure outside the city, the side towards the east, two thousand cubits, and the side towards the southwest, two thousand cubits, and the side towards the Sea, two thousand cubits, and the side towards the north, two thousand cubits, and the city in the midst of this shall be for you, and the contiguous areas of the cities—) ⁶even the cities that you shall give to the Leuites, the six cities of places of refuge that you shall give to the murderer to flee there, and in addition to these, forty-two cities; ⁷all the cities that you shall give to the Leuites are forty-eight cities—them and their suburbs^f; ⁸even the cities that you shall give from the possession of Israel’s sons, ^gmany from those with many and fewer from those with fewer^g. They shall give of their cities to the Leuites, each one according to his inheritance that they shall inherit.

9 And the Lord spoke to Moyses, saying: ¹⁰Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: As for you, you are crossing the Jordan into the land of Chanaan, ¹¹and you shall set aside for yourselves cities; they shall be places of refuge for you for the murderer to flee there, everyone who strikes a soul unintentionally. ¹²And the cities shall be for you places of refuge from one ^hdoing the relative’s blood duty^h, and the one that commits murder will not die until he stands before the congregation for judgment.

13 And the cities that you give as the six cities shall be places of refuge for you. ¹⁴Three cities you shall give beyond the Jordan, and three cities you shall give in the land of Chanaan. ¹⁵They shall be an asylumⁱ for the sons of Israel and for the guest and for the resident alien among you. These cities shall be a place of refuge for everyone to flee there when he strikes a soul unintentionally.

16 But if he strikes him with an iron instrument and he dies, he is a murderer; let the murderer be put to death by death. ¹⁷Now if he strikes him with a stone out of hand—by which he may die—and he dies, he is a murderer; let the murderer be put to death by death. ¹⁸Now if he strikes him with a wooden instrument out of hand—from which he may die—and he dies, he is a murderer; let the murderer be put to death by death. ¹⁹As for the one ^adoing the relative’s blood duty^a, he shall kill the one that committed murder; when he meets up with him, he shall kill him. ²⁰Now if out of enmity he pushes him and hurls at him any object from an ambush and he dies ²¹or out of rage he struck him with the hand and he dies, let the one who struck be put to death by death—he is a murderer; let the murderer be put to death by death; the one ^adoing the relative’s blood duty^a shall strike the one that committed murder when he meets him.

22 But if he pushes him suddenly, not out of enmity, or throws at him any object not from an ambush ²³or with any stone—by which he may die—unknowingly, and it falls upon him and he dies but he was not his enemy nor was he seeking to harm him, ²⁴then the congregation shall judge between the striker and between the one ^adoing the relative’s blood duty^a, according to these judgments, ²⁵and the congregation shall rescue the one that committed murder from the one ^adoing the relative’s blood duty^a. And the congregation shall restore him to the city of his place of refuge, where he fled for refuge. And he shall live there until the great priest dies, him whom they anointed with the holy oil. ²⁶But if he that commits murder by an exit leaves the bounds of the city, there where he fled for refuge, ²⁷and the one ^adoing the relative’s blood duty^a finds him outside the bounds of the city of his refuge, and the one ^adoing the relative’s blood duty^a kills the one that committed murder, he is not liable. ²⁸For let him live in the city of refuge until the great priest dies, and after the great priest dies, he that committed murder shall return to the land of his possession.

29 And these things shall be for you a requirement of judgment for your generations in all your settlements.

30 Every one, when he strikes a soul, through witnesses you shall kill the murderer, and one witness shall not bear witness against a soul that he should die. ³¹And you shall not receive ransom for a soul from the one that committed murder, liable to be killed, for he shall be put to death by death. ³²And you shall not receive ransom to flee to a city of places of refuge to live again on the land until the great priest dies. ³³And you shall not kill by murder the land on which you live. For this blood kills^b the land by murder, and the land shall not be atoned for from the blood that was shed upon it, except by the blood of the one who shed it. ³⁴And you shall not defile the land that you live upon, on which I will encamp among you, for I am the Lord, encamping in the midst of the sons of Israel.

36 And the rulers of the tribe of Galaad’s sons—son of Machir son of Manasse, from the tribe of Ioseph’s sons—came forward and spoke before Moyses and before Eleazar the priest and before the rulers of the paternal houses of the sons of Israel. ²And they said, “The Lord commanded our lord to give back the land of the inheritance by lot to the sons of Israel, and the Lord instructed the lord to give the inheritance of Salpaad our brother to his daughters. ³And they shall become wives to one of the tribes of Israel’s sons, and their allotment will be taken away from the possession of our fathers and added to the inheritance of the tribe to whom they may become wives; then it will be taken away from the allotment of our inheritance. ⁴But if the release of the sons of Israel takes place, then their inheritance shall be added to the inheritance of the tribe to whom they may become wives, and from the inheritance of our paternal tribe their inheritance shall be taken away.”

5 And Moyses commanded the sons of Israel through an ordinance of the Lord, saying, “Thus Ioseph’s sons’ tribe are saying. ⁶This is the thing that the Lord instructed for the daughters of Salpaad, saying, ‘Of whomever is pleasing before them, let them be wives; only out of the division of their father let them become wives, ⁷and an inheritance for the sons of Israel shall not rotate from tribe to tribe; for the sons of Israel shall stick together, each one in the inheritance of his paternal tribe. ⁸And as for every daughter when as next of kin she is entitled to an inheritance from the tribes of Israel’s sons, they shall become wives to one of those from the division of her father so that the sons of Israel may be entitled as next of kin, each one to his paternal inheritance. ⁹And an allotment shall not rotate from tribe to another tribe, but the sons of Israel shall stick together, each one in his inheritance.’”

10 In the manner the Lord instructed Moyses, so Salpaad’s daughters did. ¹¹And Thersa and Hegla and Melcha and Noua and Maala, daughters of Salpaad, became their cousins’. ¹²They became wives of the division of Manasse, of Ioseph’s sons, and their inheritance was for the tribe of their father’s division.

13 These are the commandments and the statutes and the judgments that the Lord commanded by the hand of Moyses at the west of Moab, at the Jordan down from Iericho.