ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Ed. David N. Freedman. 6 volumes. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

DJG Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Ed. J. B. Green, S. McKnight, and I. H. Marshall. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1992.

EDNT Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. Ed. H. Balz, G. Schneider. 3 volumes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990–1993.

NIDNTT New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. Ed. Colin Brown. 3 volumes. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975–1978.

NISBE The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, new edition. Ed. G. W. Bromiley, et al. 4 volumes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979–1988.

TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Ed. G. Kittel, G. Friedrich; trans. G. W. Bromiley. 9 volumes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964–1974.