AB Anchor Bible

ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary

AEHL A. Negev and S. Gibson, Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, revised and updated edition, 2001

Ai I or II Israel’s first battle at the city of Ai

Ai I or II Israel’s second battle at the city of Ai

ANET J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, 3rd edition

ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research

BAR Biblical Archaeology Review

BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

BBB Bonner Biblische Beiträge

b. B. Bat. Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Baba Bathra

BBR Bulletin of Biblical Research

BDAG W. Bauer, F. W. Danker, W. F. Arndt, and F. W. Gingrich, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd edition

BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium

BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

Bib Biblica

BJS Brown Judaic Studies

BRS The Biblical Resource Series

BZ Biblische Zeitschrift

ca. Lat. circa (“Approximately”)

CANE J. M. Sasson, ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East

CBA Y. Aharoni, M. Avi-Yonah, A. F. Rainey, and Z. Safrai, The Carta Bible Atlas, 4th edition

CBOT Coniectanea Biblica, Old Testament

Central Benjamin Plateau

CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly

CBR Currents in Biblical Research

cent. century

CHANE Culture and History of the Ancient Near East

Central Intelligence Agency

COS W. W. Hallo and K. L. Younger, Jr., eds. The Context of Scripture, 3 vols.

CTJ Calvin Theological Journal

DCH D. J. A. Clines, ed., Dictionary of Classical Hebrew

DDD Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, ed. Karel van der Toorn

DH Deuteronomistic History

DOTHB B. T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson, ed., Dictionary of the Old Testament Historical Books

EA El-Amarna Letters

EDB Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible

esp. especially

ExpTim Expository Times

GKC Gesenius, Kautzsch, Cowley, Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar

HAR Hebrew Annual Review

HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament

Heb. Hebrew

hi. Hiphil

hithp. Hithpael

idem Latin for “the same author just cited”

IEJ Israel Exploration Journal

ITC International Theological Commentary

JANES Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society

JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society

JBL Journal of Biblical Literature

JM P. Joüon and T. Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew

JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages

JQR Jewish Quarterly Review

JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series

JSS Journal of Semitic Studies

KB L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner, Hebräisches und Aramäisches Lexikon, 3rd edition

KJV King James Version

Late Bronze Age

LXX Septuagint

mi. miles

MT Masoretic Text

Naʾaman N. Naʾaman, Borders and Districts in Biblical Historiography

NAC New American Commentary

NDBT T. D. Alexander and B. S. Rosner, eds., The New Dictionary of Biblical Theology

NEAEHL E. Stern, ed., New Encyclopedia of Archaelogical Excavations in the Holy Land

NICOT New International Commentary on the Old Testament

NIDB K. D. Sakenfeld, ed., New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible

NIDNTT C. Brown, ed., New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology

NIDOTTE W. VanGemeren, ed., New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis

NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary

New International Version

NRSV New Revised Standard Version

OEANE E. M. Meyers, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East

OTG Old Testament Guides

OTL Old Testament Library

OTS Oudtestamentische Studiën

pi. Piel

REB Revised English Bible

RevExp Review and Expositor

RTR Reformed Theological Review

SBJT The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology

SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series

SEÅ Svensk Exegetisk Årsbok

SJOT Scandanavian Journal of the Old Testament

TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament

TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament

THAT Theologisiches Handwörterbuch zum Alten Testament

TNIV Today’s New International Version

TNK Jewish TANAKH

TOTC Tyndale Old Testament Commentary

TrinJ Trinity Journal

v. verse

VT Vetus Testamentum

VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum

vv. verses

WBC Word Biblical Commentary

Williams R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax: An Outline

WO B. K. Waltke and M. O’Connor, An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

ZAW Zeitscrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

ZDPV Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins

// parallels, is parallel to