Abbreviations and Transliterations

Abbreviations

General

c	century
c.	about, approximately
cf.	compare, confer
ch., chs.	chapter, chapters
e.g.	for example
etc.	and so on
i.e.	that is
KJV	King James (Authorized) Version
lit.	literally, literal
NT	New Testament
OT	Old Testament
p., pp.	page, pages
v., vv.,	verse, verses (in the chapter being commented on)

Standard abbreviations of month names are also sometimes used, as well as a few other common abbreviations.

The Old Testament

Genesis	Ge
Exodus	Ex
Leviticus	Lev
Numbers	Nu
Deuteronomy	Dt
Joshua	Jos
Judges	Jdg
Ruth	Ru
1 Samuel	1Sa
2 Samuel	2Sa
1 Kings	1Ki
2 Kings	2Ki
1 Chronicles	1Ch
2 Chronicles	2Ch
Ezra	Ezr
Nehemiah	Ne
Esther	Est
Job	Job
Psalms	Ps
Proverbs	Pr
Ecclesiastes	Ecc
Song of Songs	SS
Isaiah	Isa
Jeremiah	Jer
Lamentations	La
Ezekiel	Eze
Daniel	Da
Hosea	Hos
Joel	Joel
Amos	Am
Obadiah	Ob
Jonah	Jnh
Micah	Mic
Nahum	Na
Habakkuk	Hab
Zephaniah	Zep
Haggai	Hag
Zechariah	Zec
Malachi	Mal

The New Testament

Matthew	Mt
Mark	Mk
Luke	Lk
John	Jn
Acts	Ac
Romans	Ro
1 Corinthians	1Co
2 Corinthians	2Co
Galatians	Gal
Ephesians	Eph
Philippians	Php
Colossians	Col
1 Thessalonians	1Th
2 Thessalonians	2Th
1 Timothy	1Ti
2 Timothy	2Ti
Titus	Titus
Philemon	Phm
Hebrews	Heb
James	Jas
1 Peter	1Pe
2 Peter	2Pe
1 John	1Jn
2 John	2Jn
3 John	3Jn
Jude	Jude
Revelation	Rev

Transliterations

A simplified system has been used for transliterating words from ancient Biblical languages into English. The only transliterations calling for comment are these:

Transliteration	Pronunciation
ʾ	Glottal stop
ḥ	Similar to the “ch” in the German word Buch
ṭ	Similar to the “t” in the verb “tear”
ʿ	Similar to the glottal stop
ṣ	Similar to the “ts” in “hits”
ś	Similar to the “s” in “sing”